Minecraft – How to execute a team scoreboard

if you know the location of the block relative to the command block, you can simply do /execute ~ ~ ~ /[command] and execute the particle effect spawning command at a space relative to the command block, so if you bury it 5 blocks deep and want to make the stone above it smoke, i think you'd do ~0 ~0 ~5 for the location, you'll have to experiment with this on your own, for further details, please look on youtube for "Sethbling" and look at his previous snapshot videos, in which he covered the particle effect feature of the command block.

What is most likely happening is that you don't have an armor stand named ASCounter. The best way to test what is actually happening is by doing the command separate from the execute, so /scoreboard players add @e[type=ArmorStand,name=ASCounter] counter 1 Then it will tell what is happening wrong.