Minecraft – Is it possible to spawn mobs in random places

There are two points to remember that may seem contradictory: first, like Nicholas pointed out, you need to makes sure that your mobspawner is the only nonlit space in a pretty big area around you (I think the area's actually about 150x150 blocks), but second, you need a lot of empty space around. In other words, minecraft will choose places that have a lot of surface area (not volume) to spawn mobs in, so if you were to have a lot of open caves beneath your mobspawner, the game will flag that area as more likely to spawn mobs in. You just also have to make sure that it's all well-lit, then you've effectively tricked the game into flagging that area to spawn mobs in, but then conveniently your mobspawner is the only dark area where it can do so.

I would recommend you take a look at this tutorial. You may not want that particular style of mobspawner, but it goes over the prerequisites of any good mobspawner quite nicely.

I know that this question was asked a long time ago, but just thought I'd give an update and a correction for future people that read this. (please consider that things may also change in future)

Ok, so first of all, you mentioned that a Chunk is 16x16 block around the player. This is incorrect. A chunk is a section of the terrain and is nothing to do with where the player is. The chunk does not move. A chunk is a 16x16x256 (W,D,H). So for the mob spawning. The quote you gave is correct, however, does not note that it is centred around the chunk that the player is standing on. So 7 chunks in every direction from the border of the chunk you are standing in.

And now for your question :) Recently, (not sure when it started) height has become even more important for mob spawning and each chunk is split into segments. This is to reduce the amount the game has to render and does this by going up in 16 block segments starting from 1. So 17, 33, 49, etc. This is called the lc value and can be shown on the debug screen (F3). It is important for mob spawning, why? Because any segments in the chunk above the maximum segment that has anything other than air in do not get checked for spawning conditions. This therefore means that there are many less blocks to check which in theory will make your mob grinder or xp farm more efficient.

There is a fair amount more... however, I think this answers what you wanted. At least I hope it does ;) Best of luck guys.