I have made a decent base and realised that I had 3 geysers nearby which led me to wonder how many renewable resources/sources (not electricity) there are in the game. I have come up with the following list:
Animals
Geysers/vents/volcanoes/etc.
Meteors
The printing pod
The question I am asking is Are there any other renewable sources in the current game (QoL. Mk.3)?
Best Answer
Before the Launch Update everything apart from wolframite and tungsten is renewable. After the Launch Update everything seems to be renewable.
Lists below show data from before the Launch Update.
There are geysers/volcanos for:
out of those resources you can already transform most resources.
Additionally you can bring almost anything back from space depending on the visited planet.
(only listing resources)
And finally you can now print some elements and other stuff with your printing pod.
(only listing resources)
And last but not least. Since you are already sending rockets to space, you can also catch the exhaust of your rockets and the meteor showers for some additional carbon dioxide and steam.
And finally least (thanks to @ThisRandomGuy), flatulent dupes will also produce natural gas without any required input (apart from the obligatory food and oxygen).