Science points are earn by doing experiments in diverse situation.
Experiments include:
- Flight
- Science
- Operations
A basic launch and land rocket will earn you some points. Better flights (orbital, Mun fly-by, etc) will get you additional rewards.
Operation are also useful:
- doing EVAs and writing a report (right click on the Kerbal to do so)
- writing a crew report (right-click the capsule; warning, only 1 can be stored.)
- Taking a surface sample after landing (land on a planet, do an EVA, right-click on the Kerbal)
As far as science is concerned, the basic rocketry science node give you access to the Mystery Goo Containment Unit. This is your main scientific related module for the moment. Later on, you will unlock in the bottom tree the Sc9001 Science Jr. module. Other parts with science experiments are all the old scienctific sensors and the Sensor Array Computing Nose Cone which replaces the avionics nose-cone from earlier versions.
Since you will only get points when you recover your ship, I advise you to get multiple science equipment for a single flight. Then you want to use the modules in diverse situation:
- On Kerbin
- On launch
- On lower altitudes
- On higher altitudes
- On low orbit
- On high orbit
- Around the Mun
- Around Mimmus
- ...
Keep in mind that EVAs and crew reports follow the same principle. EVA on Kerbin will count.
You can also communicate information through radio, but it will give smaller rewards (10-40%), but using a probe, it can be repeated multiple times unlike crewed vessel that need to return home.
Edit: and there I went to Minmus :
I think I'm missed the EVA report though.
Since version 0.23, the Mystery Goo Containment Unit and the SC-9001 Science Jr. can not be reused after you transmit their science data, unless you have a Mobile Processing Lab on the vessel (or dock with one which has). The MPL can "clean out" these experiments so they can be used again (It can also "process" any science data so you receive more science through transmitting them). You find these option when you right-click the MPL. Note that both of them require a lot of electricity, so your space laboratory should be equipped generously with batteries and solar panels.
Update: In current versions (since 1.0?) astronauts of the Scientist class can also reset these experiments while on EVA. To do so move the Astronaut very close to the part, right-click on it and pick the appropriate option.
Best Answer
Science Jrs and goo can be "reset". But you'll need:
Then just follow these instructions:
Make Science - Do experiments, and click "Keep Data". Don't transmit.
Collect Science - EVA, next to your parts, click on the equipment that you kept data in and select "Collect data".
Store Science - You can take this data straight to capsule to store it in or store it in science lab, only matters if you plan to enhance data for additional transmission, its best to bring it back though. While in EVA you can click on capsule door or lab door close to you and select "Store data" to put the experiment in the capsule/lab.
Clean parts - Now that the experiments are inoperable (Goo and Sci Jr), they MUST be in the same ship as the lab, meaning you must dock the ship containing the experiments to the ship containing the lab. You can rightclick on the lab and select "Clean experiments". You may have to do this several times, as it will give up if you run out of energy, but it will restart from the % it left off from when you get more electricity.
Repeat. Profit.
You can remove the science from capsule by EVAing and right clicking the door of the capsule.
Make sure you return to Kerbin with the science.
Source: Reddit
Edit: the above may be useful for some other hapless kerbal so I'll leave it there and answer your question correctly.
Scott Manley is playing version 0.22 of KSP. This was the first version with science and some of the parts and functionality from the current version of the game simply didn't exist. One of those is pretty much all science parts. Before version 0.23 you could spam various science parts getting less and less science each time - and that's what Scott is doing.
The video in question is from November 2013 (a year ago). The game is very different from then and spamable science modules has long since been removed.
Source: Kerwiki