starcraft-2
For example, do Protoss usually beat Zerg, who usually beat Terran, who usually beat Protoss? (Or the other way around?)
Can anyone support his answer with statistics?
Edit – I'm not looking into "which race is best", because I believe they are rather balanced. But balanced just means they have similar win ratio against random. The statistics that was linked to in one of the answers is not what I'm looking for – I'd rather know how much does Zerg beats Protoss, not how much Zerg wins overall.
So PvZ is based around a lot of different concepts and its hard to pin down a specific list of strategies you should use. Instead, let's examine the concepts and then we'll look at some of the more popular strategies and how they implement them
The Robo Facility represents many things, but one of the most important of them is the Observer. If you are forgoing a Robotic Facility then you are making a contract: You are sacrificing the power of the Observer as a scout in exchange for something (more Gateways or Air or something else). Because of this contract, you have to make up for that deficit in scouting some how. The reason things like 3 Gate Robo into Colossus are so popular is that it leverages the Robotics Facility for both scouting and unit production
There is no secret that Warpgate is one of the most powerful technologies that Protoss posses. This combined with gas heavy higher tier units means that you don't really have another mineral dump. Additionally, many of Protoss' lower Tier units (like the Stalker) continue to play a vital role into late game. Strategies like 4 Gate really emphasize this aspect. Ultimately, none of the "money" units in a Protoss composition come out of the Gateway. This means that while they will makeup the bulk of your army your real power needs to lie else where. Even for strategies like 4 Gate Blink Stalkers, your power is coming from Blink, not the Stalkers.
Against any sort of ground army Force Field is invaluable. This means some portion of your Gas expenditure needs to be on Sentries. It also means that you can't let these Sentries die. The later you get into a game the more energy they accumulate and that means the more you can abuse Force Fields. A number of Protoss strategies peak at their mid game. This is usually because they have critical mass on their money units while still having a significant number of Sentries left over from early game.
Just because you're playing against Zerg doesn't mean you shouldn't expand. In fact, more than any other match up it means you have to expand to be able to keep up in production. Since you can't throw away your army like a Zerg player can (because of their faster Hatchery based production), Protoss players have a tendency to stay on 1 Base longer than they should because they have a large enough army to defend it. This leads to poor strategies like 1 Gate into Colossus. Ultimately, if you don't expand you'll never be able to make a significant push to kill of the Zerg player and his production will eventually catch up to your standing army. At that point you've lost. Failing to expand is the slow death. Strategies like 1 Gate Expand or 3 Gate pressure into Expand are designed to take advantage of the Protoss standing army to dominate a Zerg. 1 Gate is designed for more passive Zerg players, while 3 Gate is designed for more aggressive ones. If you see an early expansion from the Zerg (around when you're getting your Cybernetics Core) then you can safely expand. If you see a more aggressive build, progress to 3 Gates and then expand.
No Race depends more on their static defense than Protoss. This isn't because Photon Cannons are amazing (quite the opposite), but rather because of the lack of a good mineral dump. As a result you can usually afford a number of Photon Cannons to help defend your expansions from light raids, and delay more heavy assaults. Remember, you don't build Photon Cannons to hold off an opponent, just to buy your army time to get there. Now, many people will be quick to point out that your other mineral dump is the Zealot; while this is true, the Zealot is one of the few units that actually gets worse as the game progresses (as compared to Marines which get better or Roaches which stay about the same). While Charge does help some it doesn't make them effective killers and they don't synergize nicely with Force Field. Instead, think of them as Meat Shields to keep things off your Colossus.
Protoss has two amazing units that are frequently called "Money" units: Colossus and High Templar. Against a Zerg (or even Bio Terran) feel free to use both. Of the two High Templar are really a winner because of their much higher AOE dps. However, High Templar represent an extremely high Tech investment and you will frequently see people transition from Colossus into High Templar in the late game. The reason it is so high is that High Templar need, not only Templar Archive, but also Twilight Council; even then they still need to research Psionic Storm and Kaydaren Amulet to be really effective. Compared to the Colossus which is effective even before its upgrade, its not hard to see why people transition into High Templar. At the same time a good mid-game timing push at 4-5 Colossus can bring down a large number of Zerg players.
Protoss air is surprisingly lack luster. While Phoenix are effective against Mutalisks you can't really keep up production with his numbers without over committing and leaving yourself open to a Zergling assault. Like wise, Void Ray are a very situation unit. They excel in a very limited number of cases and do poorly in general army composition.
So let's break down a couple strategies and see how it mixes these concepts together:
3 Gate pressure leverages the strength of Warpgate tech to prevent the Zerg from expanding unhindered as well as giving you room to expand yourself. Because you're not going Robo right away, you need to use contact with the enemy as your scouting mechanism. If you haven't had contact for a while its possible you might get overrun with something unexpected. You'll want 2-3 Sentries to fight off early Zergling play, but since you'll be Zealot heavy your main concern is keeping them alive.
Once you're on 2 base you can transition easily into 5 Gate + Robo for a more powerful mid-game. To cut down on any Zergling harassment make sure to leave a Photon Cannon or two at your natural
Because you chose to go Robo first you should have a good view of what your opponent is doing. If you see early pressure this means you can build a bunch of Gateway units quickly. By comparison if you see a more passive Zerg you can use this to tech quickly to your money unit (the Colossus) and expand. You'll want Sentries to cut down on any harassment, but you should largely be concerned with transitioning into 2 Base and building up a decent army. A nice timing attack here is at 4 Colossus + upgrade.
This is a very aggressive build and you're going to rely very heavily on pressuring your opponent to keeping him off your base and keeping an eye on what he's doing. Unlike 3 Gate pressure your goal is to actually end the game in the early mid game. Some people might consider this a bit of an "All-in" build because its hard to recover if you aren't successful. Its important to understand that you're making a sacrifice in Expansions and Scouting for greater strength. If you don't have a good feel for this trade off chances are your opponent is going to punish you for it.
So, I'm going to assume you're talking about late game Void Rays instead of an early game VR Rush in PvZ.
Late game Void rays are tough, no question about it, however there are a number of strategies which provide effective counters.
Pound for pound Corruptors actually beat Void rays, however, the large mass of VR usually mean they have time to charge, at which point the tides will turn against you. Hydralisks fair much better (as they're not armored and don't give VR time to charge), however, they frequently run into positioning problems. Since VR can stack and Hydra have slow movespeed, you often see Hydralisks out of range and unable to attack while their closer brethren bite it. You can use Burrow to help here, but that's not always an option.
For late game Void rays (or really mass anything) there is always one place I go: Infestors' Fungal Growth. Now, sure VR have a nice 250 combined health+shields, and Infestors only do 36 Damage per 4 seconds (46.8 vs armored, which VR are), but anytime you see Mass anything, you should be thinking of that nice damage multiplier you get for hitting units close together... didn't I mention VR stack?
Frequently I'll engage a VR group with Hydra/Corruptor and as they start to stack I'll throw down the Fungal Growth. The added DPS is more than enough to turn the tides in my favor. What's more, if they catch me out of position, a Fungal Growth or two will lock them down while my Army gets ready. Remember Fungal is Range 9 and VR have range 6. In theory you can even Fungal them to death (if he stacks too tight).
Now, I'm not saying Infestors are THE counter to Void rays, or even the best counter, but when I see a fleet of stacking units... they are the first thing I think of...
Bonus:
A lot of players struggle with early game Void rays. I think this is a reasonable opening for PvZ. To counter this, I usually drop a second Queen (if I scout it) or bring my Queens together to force them off (this is why spreading that creep between your nat and main is so important early on). I also regularly get an Evo chamber. I think it's worth it for early upgrades and +1 timings, and it's cheep (75min) incase I have to deal with Banshee/VR harassment.
Best Answer
The three races are actually quite balanced compared to other RTS games.
However, I think that statistics wouldn't be a very good source of information for something like this because of the way leagues are set up. Your placement is based on who you win and lose against. However, Blizzard tries to keep your win ratio at 50% so they match you accordingly against easier or more difficult opponents to try to normalize that ratio. So if there was an overpowered race, the usage statistics and win ratios would remain relatively constant. It would probably only be visible at the very top level of play, but the game was just released a few weeks ago so it's too early to be making conclusions.
As for race usage, Protoss and Terran are effectively tied, but Zerg has less players than the other two races. See http://sc2ranks.com/stats/all/1/all. I suspect the reason for the Zerg underuse is because the Zerg macro mechanics are less intuitive than that of Terran, which players are already familiar with from the single player campaign. Some also say the race is the most difficult to learn and master.
From a non-statistical standpoint, I would say there are some tweaks needed, but overall the game is fairly balanced. For example, Terran's EMP (from ghosts) is a little bit too strong against Protoss because it drains all energy AND removes 100 shield points, yet requires no research to obtain. But you can be fairly certain that a good level of balance will be obtained a few patches down the line.