From 1.1 With Love
Spawn Switching
By using a on/off wire trigger block you can effectively "open" your bed's wall and invalidate the room it's in, leading you to spawn back at the middle of your world. If you're close enough (wiring only works for 2000 blocks or so) you can just hook up a switch at your spawn that'll change the blocks again and allow you to spawn back at your home base. Otherwise, you might be able to coax a contraption with a statue spawner/pressure plate/lava block to toggle it for you automatically.
This post on the TerrariaOnline forums in particular has an interesting bird-based reset circuit that seems to be fairly popular, but you'll need a bird spawner.
Digging the hard way
From your main base, just dig a hole straight down (the classic "Hellevator", if you will). When you get tired of exploring your caves, just start digging left/right towards your shaft. It'll take a while, but you'll at least probably find some goodies (more caves, ores...) on the way, and getting back will be a lot easier. You can even use a depth meter to align all your "escape routes" to the same depth, so that eventually you can just have one long path across the world that speeds up travel.
Previously, on Terraria...
A trick that worked in 1.0.5 was to start up a multiplayer server and explore with a friend (or just explore with two characters locally), then follow the instructions:
- Build a room with a bed. A room isn't necessarily required, but will keep the other person safe. It's best to put the bed in a corner.
- Set your spawn point to the bed.
- Break the bed and use a mirror. Logging out might work but I don't make any promises.
- Do whatever you need at your spawn point. When you're done, let your friend know.
- Put the bed back down in the exact same spot. This is important.
- Use the mirror again.
If you did it properly, you should travel back to where the bed is. This might not work in 1.0.6, though, and it's only good for exploring together -- if either of you get separated, you'll have to travel back manually.
If you're exploring solo, your only real option is just to take the time to improve the path. Wooden platforms over minor gaps and flattening out bumps will help a lot with horizontal movement, and creating a double shaft with a soft landing area (e.g. water) on one side and a wooden platform tower on the other will make vertical travel easier. Using background walls other than dirt will also stop the enemies from spawning.
A good way to do this is to run a Terraria dedicated server. This is a separate executable that runs the server in the background, leaving you free to launch Terraria and connect to the server, or play single player while the server continues running for everyone else. To run the dedicated server, browse the Terraria folder in your Steam folder, and run TerrariaServer.exe. For further information, and to set up port forwarding if required, visit the Dedicated Server page on the Terraria wiki.
Best Answer
Since the only way to run Terraria on Ubuntu is through WINE as Ben Brocka and lunboks have suggested, I will answer your actual question, assuming that you are using WINE and if you are not, I would suggest that you revise your question to provide more information about your setup.
While I'm sure you knew this if you backed up your files, but to provide background for the answer, as per this question, the default behaviour is for saves to be in
My Documents\My Games\Terraria\Playersand worlds to be inMy Documents\My Games\Terraria\Worldsas stated here.You will want to put your character and world files in the paths mapped for
My Documents\My Games\Terraria\PlayersandMy Documents\My Games\Terraria\Worldsrespectively. The default WINE behaviour if I read correctly is for My Documents to map to your home directory so it would behome/(user)/My Games/Terraria/Playersandhome/(user)/My Games/Terraria/Worldsfor your respective username I believe. If you want and this is up to you, you can remap where My Documents maps to in wineconfig, but you will have to adjust where you put the save files accordingly.