Because most Pokemon increase their stats when evolving, you would not normally see a not-fully-evolved competitively. The most common exception to this is caused by pokemon holding Eviolite:
Effect: Raises the holder's Defense and Special Defense by 50% if the holder is not fully evolved.
It is important to remember that this will multiply not only base stats, but the final value, which includes IVs (Individual Values) and EVs (Effort Values). This is obviously most effective for acting as a wall. There are multiple pokemon which see competitive usage with Eviolite, but most notable are Chansey, and Porygon2. Dusclops, Doublade, Scyther, Golbat, Magneton, and Gligar may also use it well.
For numbers lets look at smogon's OU builds for Chansey and Blissey. Plugging the level (used 50, per VGC), EVs, nature and max IVs into a calculator (links on names below) we get:
HP Atk Def SpAtk SpDef Spd
Blissey: 331 27 68 95 187 75
Chansey: 326 22 62 55 157 70 (without Eviolite)
Chansey: 326 22 93 55 235.5 70 (with Eviolite)
This shows Eviolite Chansey has 137% Defense, and 126% Special Defense compared with Blissey, with 98% HP, 93% Speed, 82% Attack, and 58% Special Attack. This obviously increases survivability, and competitive Chansey would not have a move depending on Attack or Special Attack, so those stats would not matter.
A major downside of using Eviolite is that it is taking up an item slot, meaning no Leftovers or 'choice' items, but many competitions (including VGC) enforce an item clause (no duplicate items), which leaves leftovers for another member of the team.
Threads on smogon and gamefaq cover the eviolite users.
I went here and checked out all the move descriptions that had the word "also" in it. As Ben Brocka said, I don't think there are any new ones, but here:
Format: Name | Type | Category | Base Power | Accuracy | PP | Description
- Rock Smash | Fighting | Physical | 40 | 100 | 15 | The user attacks
with a punch. This may also lower the target's Defense stat. This
move can also shatter rocks in the field.
- Dig | Ground | Physical |
80 | 100 | 10 | The user burrows, then attacks on the next turn. It
can also be used to exit dungeons.
- Milk Drink | Normal | Status | --
| -- | 10 | The user restores its own HP by up to half of its max HP.
May also be used in the field to heal HP.
- Soft-Boiled | Normal |
Status | -- | -- | 10 | The user restores its own HP by up to half of
its max HP. May also be used in the field to heal HP.
- Sweet Scent |
Normal | Other | -- | 100 | 20 | A sweet scent that harshly lowers
opposing Pokémon's evasiveness. This also lures wild Pokémon if used
in places such as tall grass.
- Teleport | Psychic | Status | - | - |
20 | Use it to flee from any wild Pokemon. It can also warp to the
last Pokemon Center visited.
- Flash | Normal | Status | -- | 100 | 20
| The user flashes a bright light that cuts the target's accuracy.
I realize flash doesn't have that "also" word, but it seems to lower encounter rate in caves, according to the hiker who gives it to you. Chatter doesn't appear to be a field move anymore.
Best Answer
From Bulbapedia:
So yes, they're practically the same move.
The only difference I see, besides PP amount and type as you wrote, is that they have a different behaviour in Contests:
Protect is a Cute move, it rises Appeal by 1 unit in normal Contests and by 2 units in Constest Spectaculars.
Detect is a Cool move, it rises Appeal by 2 units in normal Contests and by 1 unit in Constest Spectaculars.
And, of course, Protect has its own technical machine, TM17.
Detect has none.