Everything seems pretty much stock. My inventory doesn't contain anything special either. Are the items level restricted? I completed the introduction portion and can't find anything extra at the tower vendors also.
Where/How to find the bonus content for the Destiny Digital Guardian Edition
destiny
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You do not receive this nameplate until you purchase the game when it is released.
Quote from the Bungie Weekly Update - 07/25/2014
Everyone who makes an appearance will earn a nameplate to help you prove that you were there when the record for concurrent players was set before the launch of the game. It will help you to be a rare and unique snowflake when Destiny launches in September.
This is what it will look like:
The XP rewards vary by level (and each mission can be attempted on a variety of difficulty levels). As for the XP rewards themselves, they can only be awarded once per mission, so repeating them on the same difficulty will not yield an XP reward (you can note this by hovering the mission, the rewards section will not include the XP bonus).
The bonus is somewhere in the range of 1k xp for levels 1-5 (early earth), 2k xp for levels 5-10 (earth and moon), 3k xp for levels 10-15 (moon and venus), and 4k xp for levels 15-20 (venus and mars).
Basically your best bet is to complete bounties and the story line. There is also another reason to do the story line while leveling: when you reach 20 you will not automatically unlock any of the missions. This means if you wish to do any bounties in the future or farm from specific places you will not be able to until you complete the missions - so they might as well get done while leveling.
It is best to complete the story line in order to unlock all of the missions. If you start from level 1 this will leave you at roughly level 17 when you finish the last mission on Mars. The last 3 levels may be completed by revisiting strikes, missions at their hardest available setting, or in the Crucible - but will be done fastest by doing the daily bounties.
Best Answer
You are not the only one. At Bungie's forums, there are posts similar to this, and they say to have solved the problem. http://www.bungie.net/en/Forum/Post/68975633/0/0
"If you are missing any content when you log into Destiny, simply close the app, go to your playstation (or xbox) settings, restore licenses, Go to Destiny - related content, Download expansion pass and limited edition content, Go back into Destiny, Talk to Tess ...???... PROFIT"
If you still can't solve your problem, please contact Bungie at their forums or Twitter.