Will I lose the data on an ongoing game if I quit

This appears to be a bug with the game. According to this forum post, this issue only occurs if you quit and then start the game again in a short period of time. Try waiting a longer period of time, such as 10-15 minutes, as the post recommends.

In order to complete this mission objective, you need to hold your jetpack on so that Barry will stay on the ceiling for the duration of the level. Try to stay on the ceiling at all times, unless there is an obstacle in the way, for the best chance to complete this objective.

Do note however, that staying on the ceiling in a vehicle does not count towards the objective.