Keys to heroic instances in BC are bought from the vendors for various reputations at Honored rep.
- Thrallmar/Honor Hold for the Hellfire instance.
- Cenarion Expedition for the instances in Coilfang Reservoir
- Lower City for the Auchendoun instances
- Sha'tar for Tempest Keep
- Keepers of Time for the Caverns of Time stuff
and for Magister's Terrace you must complete the quest for it in regular difficulty.
For all the rep based ones it's pretty easy to get enough rep just by question, if not doing one or two regular instances.
A list can be found here.
http://www.wowwiki.com/Instance_attunement
The best thing to do is when you start up, is to complete all the quests that the quest giver gave you. Doing so will usually ,after you completed most of the quests from him, make him give you a quest to go to another area with quest givers.
Also, it is a good idea to do all the quests from a quest giver as the quest rewards increase as you complete the quest chain.
Other than this follow the next quest giver thing, you can't pretty much do anything else but google the area you're in and see what quest givers are in there for A/H.
And other than that, the only thing left to do is to use a quest giver add-on(which should be the answer you were looking for). These are great as they show on your minimap AND map all the quest givers. You might find one similar to what I linked you to which you might find useful.
Also, maybe some quest givers won't be shown on map as you don't meet the level requirements for that quest. So if you pass by an NPC at lvl 10 he won't have any quests for you, but if you go again at lvl 15 he might have. Just a thing to keep in mind.
Ok, so I hope this helps.
P.S.:Quests and Leveling Add-ons
Best Answer
The easiest way is to grab the portal to the Cavern of Time in Dalaran. The portal is located in the Violet Citadel [*]. This will get you there. If you can't get there because of your level you can ask a mage for a portal to Dalaran. Or you do it the old fashioned way:
Take a ride, the 3 targets in the circle are in Tanaris (the others are for Alliance, so they are different for Horde players):
If you need to walk there you'll find it in the south of Kalimdor.
[*] This counts for the Dalaran in Northrend. In Legion's version of Dalaran in the Broken Isles those portals will be in the center of the city.