Xbox – GTA 5 save file deleted

I solved this problem for myself by not signing in until the game had started. Then, I signed in. When I loaded the last save, it went back to the save that I was unable to access before.

The game does not give you the direct oppurtunity to have multiple save files for one playthrough, so you will have to go to the "system settings" -> "memory units" -> "memory device holding your saves" on your xbox and then copy the savegame you want onto a different device (e.g. USB stick).
That way you have a backup if the savegame corrupts.
It is a lot of effort but the only way to do it without a modded xbox, sorry.

There are 3 missable things: The achievements "Unheard" and "Fully Inked", and the alternative ending. Everything else can be done after you played the story to its end, as you will still be on the islands.