Zoom out/in in Dwarf Fortress during gameplay

Migrants do have a chance to come in any season, so I guess that would be your main worry. People dieing decreases the chances anyway though.

A goblin caravan might come if you happen to have friendly goblins around. However, given the likelihood that that's a goblin siege, they wouldn't be sending one anyway.

If it's a season other than winter, you won't get a caravan, but the liaison will arrive after the siege is over. (Goblins don't send a liaison, btw.)

The only thing that I can think of besides caravans and migrants would be crops, but there aren't any winter-specific crops, so you should be good there too.

There is, in general, very little mouse control in DF. I consider myself a highly efficient DF player, and rarely use the mouse at all. Most designations, such as digging, channeling, stairs, etc., can be drawn free-hand with the mouse, or in rectangles using the keyboard.

Certain screens are mouse-interactive too: The designations list, as well as cursor (IE, you can select Mine or Channel with the mouse.) You can use the mouse to select items on the military screen. You can use the mouse to define burrows in the same manner you draw designations.

If you're just looking to increase your DF proficiency, be sure to check out macros and Quickfort, and to remap any keys which are awkwardly placed for on your keyboard (especially crucial for playing on a laptop's not-full-sized keyboard.) Also, I wouldn't consider playing without Dwarf Therapist as well.