Do you have to hear the caster in order to be affected by the Command spell

dnd-5ehearingspells

There are a couple of spells which explicitly work only when the target "can hear you":

  • Suggestion — "a creature you can see within range that can hear and understand you"
  • Compulsion — "Creatures of your choice that you can see within range and that can hear you"
  • Animal Friendship — "a beast that you can see within range. It must see and hear you"
  • Vicious Mockery — "If the target can hear you"

However, Command has no such requirement. The only requirements are:

  1. the target must understand the caster's language
  2. the target must not be undead
  3. the command must not cause direct harm to the target

Does this mean the spell still works if the target hasn't heard the command word itself? Assuming the 60ft distance, this seems very plausible in many scenarios. For instance, the caster sets an ambush. When the caravan passes by, she whispers a command word "halt" to the caravan leader, in order to make the caravan stop right in the perfect spot for the attack.

Best Answer

It is ambiguous, and may vary by DM and by situation.

The first line of command's spell description is

You speak a one-word command to a creature you can see within range.

This implies that the caster must actually attempt to speak the command, and it must be expressed in a language that the target understands. Does whispering count as speaking? D&D 5E doesn't have explicit rules for language volume, so this will depend on DM interpretation.

However, command doesn't specify whether the command itself must be audible, or whether the target must be able to hear. And so this is a situation where D&D 5E is famously ambiguous and lets the DM adjudicate how the mechanics are resolved.

Suppose the the target is affected by silence but the caster remains outside its area of effect, allowing them to cast command. Assume the target and caster share the language of the command. The creature is deafened, which means they cannot hear, but the deafened condition doesn't specify anything about understanding language in general. The caster speaks the command aloud, thus the spell requirements have been met, but the target cannot physically hear.

Would this count as speaking to the creature? Can the deafened creature understand the language of the command spoken by the caster? The rules don't specify this, and so the DM decides.