How many spells can a Cleric learn?
None, because Clerics 'Prepare' their spells without having to learn them.
Clerics, Paladins, and Druids are unique spellcasters in that, unlike every other spellcaster, they do not learn a certain number of spells per level up. This means that they have the entire list of spells to work from. A cleric doesn't learn any spells mechanically, but they do prepare them, which means they do not have to learn them as they gain levels. The process of preparing spells is detailed in the PHB on page 58:
... you prepare the list of cleric spells that are available for you to cast, choosing from the cleric spell list. When you do so, choose a number of spells... The spells must be of a level for which you have spell slots.
(The cleric spell list it mentions is found starting on page 207.)
A 1st level Cleric can prepare a number of spells from the full list of 1st level spells equal to their Wisdom Modifier + Cleric Level per day. Once a Cleric, Druid, or Paladin reaches the proper level to gain 2nd level spell slots, again they can prepare spells from the full list of 2nd level spells. (The same section on page 58 gives a good example of a level 3 cleric, who has 1st and 2nd level spell slots.) You can then change your list of prepared spells in between long rests, which makes Clerics, Druids, and Paladins very versatile with their spells, as they can be changed to suit the needs of the party.
Assuming you are a Life Domain Cleric, those are the two spells you get to have prepared for free, in addition to your normal complement. You always have those two spells prepared. In addition, you may prepare a number of 1st level spells from the cleric list, equal to your level + your wisdom bonus, which will give you probably 3 or 4 more. Those spells are not associated directly with spell slots; those are just the ones you have selected to have ready on that day.
You, at first level, have two 1st level spell slots, so twice per long rest, you may choose to spend a spell slot to cast a 1st level spell, and each time, you choose, at the time of casting, which 1 of those 5 or 6 spells you have prepared that you will actually cast using that slot. This does not affect the number of spells prepared; they are all still prepared, and when you use your other spell slot, you may likewise cast any 1 of those 5 or 6 spells with it, including the same one you cast with the first slot earlier.
After the next long rest, you get your 2 spell slots back for casting. You keep your two domain spells (bless and cure wounds) prepared. You may change which other spells you have prepared for that day.
Best Answer
It means what it says:
You always have it prepared. It doesn't count against spells you prepare. It says nothing about not using slots to cast, so it does.
A cleric can prepare a given number of spells plus their domain spells. Casting any of these prepared spells uses a spell slot.