Are there rules for giving a sidekick spellcaster with a clerical flavour a class and class abilities, like more known and prepared (list of which can be changed) spells, closer to those of a PC in D&D 5th edition?
Сan Acolyte or the same Spellcaster Sidekick with clerical flavour know more spells than they do according to the "known spells" in Unearthed Arcana (UA) description? As much as Cleric: knows a lot prepares a little.
In particular, Acolyte has a class of Spellcaster, at the start he has a list of known spells (3 of the 1st level) and slots (3 of the 1st level), but the Cleric with the same abilities (Wis 14) and with the 2nd level (according to UA) must have 4 prepared spells and 3 1st level slots.
Best Answer
Unearthed Arcana vs. Published Rules
A bit of a frame challenge here... Trying to compare UA rules to officially published rules is going to give you nothing but headaches. As the UA article itself says:
To put it another way, the fact that the UA Sidekick rules are problematic is something the developers realized, so they rewrote them for publication.
In the published version, your question is moot because the Sidekick rules cannot be bolted on any old statblock. There are four specific statblocks - Warrior, Expert, and Spellcaster - Mage, and Spellcaster - Healer.
The advancement tables don't even appear in the same place.
To reduce the load on both players (when used in the single-player/single-DM option) and the DM, Sidekicks have drastically simplified advancement. They have very few choices on leveling up - ASIs are predetermined, Spells are predetermined, they don't get feats, and so on.
I realize many of these links may not work for people who don't actually own the content on D&D Beyond, but that doesn't have any bearing on the statements made in the answer.