You seem to have misunderstood one of the most fundamental rules of Dungeon World:
You don't make the moves
Moves just happen when their trigger is met. That means you cannot tell your GM that you wish to, for example, take the "Defend" move. You have to narrate what your character does. If that triggers a move, then the move happens.
For example, if you narrate your character slashing at the goblin with their sword, the Hack and Slash move happens, because that move is triggered by attacking enemies in melee. However, the goblin might try to grab onto your character's back and sink their filthy fangs into your neck in retaliation. You can't just declare you want to Hack and Slash at the goblin again (well, you can, but it's going to require some creative narration to explain how you can use your sword against a foe in such an awkward place). Instead you might need to shake off the goblin, which might amount to Defying danger.
The circumstances may also prevent you from making certain moves: for example, if your party is fighting a dragon with scales thick enough to withstand all your blows, the GM and other players around the table might decide that your attacks don't count as Hack and Slash. You might be required to, for example, find a weak spot first - an operation that will most likely require plenty of other moves like Spouting Lore about the dragons' weaknesses and Defying Danger to dodge the dragon's attacks long enough to get to the softer spot.
The moves cut both ways
When a move calls for a roll and your result is 6 or lower, it means trouble. Sometimes the move directly tells you what the effect is, and otherwise the GM is free to make a move of their own against your character. For example, with a squirming and biting goblin on your back, failing to Defy danger could result in the GM deciding to Deal damage to your character, or Separate them from the party by stumbling down a chasm trying to shake off the goblin. Failing to Spout lore could result in Using up the party's resources (in this case, time spent observing the dragon in hopes of a weak spot) or an Unwelcome truth being revealed - for example that the dragon's weak spot is actually in a very dangerous place, like the inside of its mouth.
Because these moves that result from failure tend to necessarily involve changing the circumstances, you won't be able to indefinitely repeat a move in the same circumstance — quite soon, something is going to change to push the narrative forward.
No
When a player character makes an action that fulfills the conditions for triggering a move, the move is triggered. This is explicitly stated in Dungeon World rules, under Making moves:
A character can't take a fictional action that triggers a move without that move occurring.
This is an extension from the principles of Apocalypse World: "to do it, do it" (to trigger a move, do the fictional action) and "if you do it, you do it" (if one does the fictional action, the resulting move is triggered).
While it is not explicitly stated in the Dungeon World rules, if the player was unaware that a move would be triggered by what they're about to do, it is a common courtesy to let the player rewind their character's action before rolling if they don't want the move to trigger.
Best Answer
As a player, you are absolutely* allowed to say the name of the move you want to make.
*Yeah, okay, TECHNICALLY Powered By The Apocalypse is the biggest tent which welcomes everyone in, and it's possible the rules I'm about to lay down are going to be explicitly contravened by something claiming that label. But they really shouldn't be.
The ideal for your part of the conversation, as a player, is that you have a course of action in mind and, when needed, a move to match it. When you have a move in mind you both name that move and describe that course of action to frame it as well as possible, because moves don't happen unless everyone at the table is clear on what's going on.
Here's the basics on it from page 10 of Apocalypse World 2e:
Even just leading with the name of the move you want to make shouldn't be regarded as "against the rules" somehow - by that logic, just narrating your actions without saying the move name is also "against the rules" because it needs MC intercession. If you're not sure about how to frame your part of the conversation, you can approach the question of what your character does from whatever angle you have the surest handle on, whether that's the move you want to make, the results you want to achieve, or the actions that make the most sense to narrate.
But this is a very common impression among people who read the rules - that players shouldn't be able to say the name of the move they want to make - and while there are plenty of play examples in the text that show things happening differently, I think people come away with that impression for two reasons. The first is that it shoulds up as the first counterexample in the moves section, and the second, probably larger one, is that it's different for the MC.
Why It's Different For The MC
You may notice this one at work in your example above - the MC doesn't say "Keeler, I'm using the Put Someone In A Spot move on you", even though that's totally what they're doing. The reason they don't is that saying the name of their move would be all downside, no upside.
All downside in that the thing the MC wants you to react to is Dremmer kicking down the door with a shotgun and barking orders. That's the most direct and precise thing that's happening - saying "I'm using the Put Someone In A Spot move" doesn't clarify anything and might just make it more confusing.
No upside in that the MC's choice of move doesn't participate in the game at all. Nothing about the choices available to you changes because the MC chose to describe their move as a Put Someone In A Spot move. More importantly, the MC's move doesn't have to be a topic of discussion, at least in that the MC doesn't have to justify their choice of move to you the way you have to justify yours to the MC.
So let's talk about that. Let's talk about
The Negotiation
You can object to the MC's moves, really for the same reasons the MC can object to yours - they don't make sense in the plot. Suppose last session you wrapped Dremmer in chains and threw him off the side of the boat, as a hedge against this precise scenario. Or, more happily, suppose you've hit a point where you've advanced the basic moves and last session you crit a roll to fast-talk Dremmer, and now he's your right hand and the MC isn't supposed to have him turn on you like this. It's not wrong to bring either of those up to the MC - they're only human, after all. Maybe they grabbed last month's threat map by accident. But the MC has authority to make the world act as they want it to, and they can smile and nod and say, sure, you did that, but here Dremmer is all the same. (Though they better have something real good planned if Dremmer's your right hand, is all I'm saying.)
In the same way, the MC needs to understand the kind of plot you're trying to create - which is why it's important to say it along with the name of your move when you know it, and why they try and find it out when you start with the move. The only objection they have to your moves is that they don't make sense in the plot - in your example, suppose you tried to charge Dremmer and seize the doorway by force. The MC can say, no, Dremmer's got the drop on you, you'll need to bait out a shot before you can struggle with him like that, and that's acting under fire. (Or, oppositely, suppose as a design compromise your boat bridge wound up tiny and sparse and there is no cover to dive to - but that also means Dremmer isn't so far away and you can seize the doorway by force.)
But crucially, within the space of possibility, you have control of your character, just as much as the MC controls the world. Not only that, the moves you make matter more in the game than the moves the MC makes. You're sharp but not cool, weird but not hard, and that matters for the success of what you're trying to do. (And maybe somebody wanted to see you go hard this session anyway so it's highlighted, which is another layer of decisions about what to do.) And the consequences of your moves shape what the MC can say about the future. There's every reason for you to have at least as much voice in what moves you make as the MC does, and you can't have that voice if you're not allowed to say what move you're intending to make. If you know, you should always say.