Overall, Looks Good!

Almost all of these abilities have a precedent. Damage resistance is shared by dragonborn. Proficiency in what is essentially a two handed weapon does not currently exist RAW -Dwarves and Elves are only proficient in 1 handed weapons- but I don't think this is a big deal. Any class that isn't proficient in a two handed weapon probably doesn't want to use one anyway.

Rebalancing of Bear Paws

Bear Paws. You have proficiency with your claws and teeth. Your claws deal 2d6+Str slashing damage and your teeth deal 1d8+Str piercing damage. Due to your clumsy paws, you can’t use any artisan's tools, musical instruments, light weapons or finnese weapons.

I agree with Dan B that it would be helpful to parse these out for the sake of readability. I also agree that it's important to prevent the claws from being used as monk weapons. That said, you don't want to remove all flavor: if you bump the bite damage down to 1d6+Str, it will be the same as the Lizardfolk's Bite ability, which is a natural weapon that can be used for monk abilities.

It might also be good to note that these are both "natural weapons" in order to better ground them in the system.

I don't think there's any need to state how many attacks you can make with these weapons per round. None of the natural weapon abilities of RAW classes do this. No weapon description does this. Your claws are weapons, natural weapons - the rules already provide ample guidance on how weapons can be used.

Finally, it is vitally important that you specify that a claw attack requires use of both paws - otherwise, your class could use a shield in one hand and a 2d6 weapon in the other.

Smaller Concerns

The swim speed is perhaps too high, not just from a narrative perspective (a bear that can swim as fast as it can run?) but also because it is the same as the Triton swim speed, and it's probably preferable to not steal the aquatic stage from the fish people race.

From a narrative perspective, I'm curious how the bear can use any weapons at all, but that might be too strong a debuff.

In line with other spellcaster-created creatures from the MM, you might change language from "Common" to "One language known by its creator". Also, maybe "You can speak, read, and with great difficulty write in one language of your creator." would be more appropriate given the trouble using tools?

It is way overpowered

Base characteristics

In general, 5e races are not that impactful. They give some ability score bonuses, some proficiencies, and some minor benefits. Contrast this with your race which, even disregarding subraces, has two parts that both individually would be stronger than all the benefits of any other race. These are:

You have resistancd Bludgeoning, Piercing, and Slashing From Nonmagical Attacks Not Made With Silvered Weapons.

and

starting at 11th Level, you regain HP equal to 1+your constitution modifier at the beginning of each of your turns.

The first of these is simply very strong, to the point that you take half damage from most attacks, at least in low-level play. The second, apart from giving healing in combat, gives full HP between fights. This is entirely contrary to the design of 5e, which is built as a resource management game, and should therefore under no circumstance include infinite resources (healing). The first has as its closest parallel resistance to necrotic, fire or poison damage that some races get, and the second has no parallel in races at all.

The healing does have some comparable class features, as an 18th level Champion Fighter automatically heals to half health, but note that healing to half health, as opposed to full, does not completely negate health-as-a-resource, as a Champion will still have to use some form of healing (hit dice, healing spells, long rest) in order to attain their maximum survivability. There is also the UA Wild Soul Barbarian who could create infinite resources through its 6th level feature, but this was likely an oversight and will not become an officially published class.

Size, languages, +2 con, speed and age all seem fine to me.

Subraces

The subraces give some normal benefits, such as darkvision and keen senses. These are fine. They also give two more ability score increases, which puts them at the higher end of races. This wouldn't be a problem if it weren't for the other strong aspects.

Hybrid forms

These are very strong, but are not the worst offenders still. Some of them give flying or climbing speed, some give very high natural AC, some give yet more resistances, some give much higher movement, some give advantage on skill checks, and the biggest offenders give pack tactics or bonus action attacks.

This is all too much on an already packed race.

Full forms

Here we let go of all balance concerns.

As an example, the wereboar now has natural weapons stronger than any non-magical weapon (2d8), and it can do an even stronger attack as a bonus action, which not only deals 2d12 damage, but can also displace, prone and curse an enemy. It gets 6(!) more ability score increases, and gets natural armor for an AC of 23 if it has maxed out CON. To top it off, it has poison immunity.

This is all simply too strong. Any part of it on its own would be too strong (except I suppose poison immunity), and all together it is certainly too strong.

The drawback

As for the drawback I largely agree with Dan B's answer, that the drawback mechanic does not work. Indeed, the drawback tends to hurt allies more than the lycanthrope itself. It also gives more work to the DM, who will occasionally have to control a PC, and it also stops happening at some point, as eventually the drawback disappears.

However, although there are problems with the implementation of the drawback, there is also the more fundamental problem that drawbacks don't really work. Consider a theoretical drawback that is both fun and makes the race on average about as good as published races. That means that every combat where this drawback does not trigger or matters less, the lycanthrope is way, way stronger than other party members. If the drawback does inflict its woes, suddenly the party is handicapped to such a degree that they cannot overcome obstacles that they reasonably should be able to conquer. This makes it impossible to balance encounters, and perhaps even worse, puts the lycanthrope in the spotlight all the time, which takes away from the enjoyment of the other players.

You say that you don't want small benefits and drawbacks, but unfortunately that is the only way to make a balanced 5e race.

Comparison to other races

Comparing the lycanthrope to other races directly is essentially impossible, because of the sheer amount of features. So, let's compare the amount of features.

For the amount of features of the lycanthrope, I largely refer to the question and the rest of the answer. There's several features of the base race, combined with complicated rules for (in)voluntary shifting, then there are features for each subrace, for each hybrid form, and for each full form.

Compare this with, say, the tiefling. The tiefling has ability score increases, darkvision, two languages, resistance to fire damage and three spells. That's it. This is roughly the amount of features races have in 5e, and this is what it's balanced for. What you're trying to do is simply impossible.

How to make a lycanthrope

So then, what to do with the idea of making a lycanthrope? I recommend one of two things. First, you could simply redesign it all, placing a heavy emphasis on flavor but being extremely conservative with features that affect combat prowess. Second, you could try making the idea into a class. Classes are "allowed" to be much stronger, as it is where most of the power of a PC comes from. To do so you will still need to scale it down significantly to start with, but with more levels can come more powerful abilities.

Of course, NPC creatures have no real concern for balance, so you could certainly turn it into something to fight against, as opposed to something to fight as.