OK, decided to look into this.
There are no nice, neat tables that I can find. That said, the actual information does appear to be available, excepting for the Wu Jen.
Complete Adventurer is the most straight-forward: it’s included in each class’s entry as Starting Gold.
Complete Warrior neglected starting wealth entirely, but it’s included in the official Errata. Since the Errata is free, I think it’s safe to reproduce that here:
Hexblade: 6d4×10 gp
Samurai: 2d4×10 gp
Swashbuckler: 6d4×10 gp
It’s always a good idea to check the Errata. Wizards has made some hilarious mistakes (my favorite is when they neglected to include any DCs at all in Tome of Magic for an entire type of Truenaming check), so the Errata is good to know.
For Complete Arcane, I can’t find any direct note of the starting wealth, and it doesn’t appear to be in the Errata. However, the Warlock and Warmage “Starting Packages” each have starting money in addition to equipment. I believe the rule is, you take the Starting Package’s starting money after items, and multiply it by 10. The Wu Jen doesn’t have a Starting Package that I can see, however.
Complete Divine is like Complete Arcane, but all of the classes have a Starting Package.
Weird Page on Wizards’ Website
I just found this page, which, among other things, has this:
Errata
Q: The Mark of Heroes Campaign Standards Table CS—2 has no entry for artificers’ starting gold. My guess is 200 gp, as artificers get 5d4 x10 starting gold (Eberron Campaign Setting page 33), and it seems that characters get the maximum starting gold for their class. Is this right?
A: Yes it is. In fact that’s true for all the other classes not currently listed on Table CS—2. Of course this is extremely difficult to determine for classes from most of the “Complete” books, because the random starting gold for all but the scout class were omitted. For ease, here is the complete list of starting gold for the artificer class and the classes unlocked by Campaign Cards.
CLASS | STARTING GOLD
---------------+--------------
Artificer | 200 gp
Favored Soul | 200 gp
Psion | 120 gp
Psychic Warrior| 200 gp
Scout | 200 gp
Soulknife | 200 gp
Swashbuckler | 200 gp
Warmage | 120 gp
Wilder | 160 gp
(omitted: some asterisks indicating some details relevant only to the “Mark of Heroes” campaign)
Since for this “Mark of Heroes” campaign, everyone gets maximum gold, 200 gp seems to be 5d4×10 gp, 160 gp is 4d4×10 gp, and 120 gp is 3d4×10 gp.
Maybe that seems “more official” but since this page is for some weird product (cards to “unlock” races and classes?) that I’ve never heard of, I’m not sure what to make of it.
Sure you can, as long as you meet the prestige class’s prerequisites. The Commoner class does not have any special rules about its advancement, it’s just a particularly weak base class.
It’s actually the easiest way to enter the Survivor prestige class (Savage Species), which requires that one’s highest base save bonus be lower than one’s character level. In a similar case, the Adept is the easiest way to enter the Hexer prestige class (Masters of the Wild), since it requires lightning bolt as a divine spell, and neither clerics nor druids get it, nor is it found on any Domain (amazingly).
I would comment that a common way to handle games where you start as Commoners is to have you “trade in” Commoner levels for PC-class levels, to avoid you taking pretty serious hits to your abilities relative to your nominal ECL. This is a non-issue if your DM knows how to compensate, but it might be worth mentioning as an idea to your DM.
Best Answer
D&D 3.5e Binder
The binder class is only found in 3.5e; it is not officially present in Pathfinder at all.
Complete Vestige List
Thus, with no further ado, the vestiges available in 3.5e, listed by their vestige level:
Tome of Magic
Dragon Magic
Cityscape web enhancement “Urban Magic”
Mind’s Eye web article, “Three Psionic Vestiges”
Class Chronicles web article, “Binders”
Dragon magazine
Dungeon magazine
This list is full and complete to the best of my knowledge—and I am very confident in my knowledge on this subject, as the binder is my personal favorite class.
Vestiges with balance concerns
The vestiges published in actual books are pretty well balanced; they all have a purpose, a reason why you might bind them, without any standing out as clearly must-have or game-breaking. Many of the expanded vestiges are also pretty decent, but not all of them. Primus, the One and Prime, seems a little too good for 3rd-level, for example; it just seems like the best option for a 3rd-level vestige.
But the real problem is Zceryll, the Star Spawn. She provides a scaling summon monster spell that can be used every 5 rounds, potentially allowing the binder to build up a huge army of powerful outsiders. That makes her far-and-away the best vestige available, better even than the higher-level 7th and 8th level vestiges. Balancing her is difficult; the ability to summon the right outsider for the job at any time is kind of her thing. Maybe give the summons a 5-round duration, so you cannot possibly build up an army?
On the flip side, the three psionic vestiges are really weak. They give you power points that you’re supposed to use with their features, but those power points are just really too few to actually make good use of those vestiges.
Astaroth, Unjustly Fallen, is a little confusing about how his item-creation ability actually works, and there is some debate about what the intent there was. It’s not really a balance concern, more just a matter of some confusion. For that matter, it’s kind of weird that there are two vestiges named Astaroth, though this isn’t really a problem per se.
Converting the binder rules and mechanics to Pathfinder
As for Pathfinder, converting the Tome of Magic binder to Pathfinder is not any great hardship; all you really need to do is adjust things to match their Pathfinder counterparts. The mechanics of the binder are largely unique to that class, so none of the changes in Pathfinder directly affect it, and since vestiges grant supernatural abilities and the rules for those haven’t changed, nothing special really needs to happen.
Instead, just replace references to 3.5 things to the Pathfinder version. Change the class skill list to match the corresponding Pathfinder skills, and change skill bonuses to apply to the corresponding Pathfinder skill. Some of those abilities grant natural attacks, which should probably be massaged to align with Pathfinder, some abilities grant feats and should grant the Pathfinder version of them, and so on, but all those sorts of changes are pretty straightforward.
There is, however, one potential exception wherein you could make quite a lot of work for yourself: favored class bonuses. If you want to write special favored class bonuses, beyond the usual options of +1 hp or +1 skill point, that is quite a bit of work. These favored class bonuses are tied pretty tightly to Pathfinder’s crusade, overzealous in my opinion, against multiclassing, though even the +1 hp or skill point goes a long way there. Ultimately, the binder class was only ever multiclass-compatible, not really multiclass-encouraging. The only really notable “trick” involving multiclassed binders was a single level for Naberius, the Grinning Hound, to allow a hellfire warlock to mitigate the Constitution damage he dealt to himself. Since hellfire warlock isn’t in Pathfinder either, I don’t expect it will be much of an issue.
Balance-wise, Pathfinder and 3.5e aren’t really all that different. Binder should fit neatly sort of middle-ish into the power spectrum of Pathfinder just as it did in 3.5e.
Converting flavor and stories
Several vestiges reference Greyhawk and/or the Forgotten Realms; Ashardalon, Geryon, Karsus, Kas, Primus, and Tenebrous were all notable characters in these campaign settings long before Tome of Magic was ever written. For that matter, Acererak of Tomb of Horrors fame shows up as a vestige. These characters and the events of their lives don’t really fit in Golarion, Paizo’s official campaign setting, if you are using it—and if you aren’t, they also aren’t necessarily people from your campaign setting either, unless you happen to be using Greyhawk or the Realms.
You certainly can just leave it alone. The descriptions in Tome of Magic are pretty generic, and the people who became those vestiges could easily have existed in the distant past of your campaign setting, forgotten and unimportant, not achieving the notoriety or world-changing success or failure, rather than being what they are to Greyhawk or the Realms. I didn’t even realize those vestiges were different from any of the others when I first read Tome of Magic, since I pay little attention to those campaign setting. Or you could just assume they’re still from Greyhawk or the Realms, which are separate universes from your own—after all, vestiges don’t actually exist and could easily have come from other universes (in fact, this is canonically believed to be true of Otiax, the Key in the Door).
On the other hand, you can adapt them, and any of the others for that matter, to give them a stronger tie-in to your setting. I have no particular recommendations for doing so, since I know nothing about your setting, but especially if you are thinking about your campaign in terms of binders being a big part of it, making the effort to do so could be very rewarding. If you’re looking for ideas, it may be interesting to note that the names of the vestiges—excepting those that are shout-outs to other campaign settings, and some of the web-released ones—are stolen from the names of the goetic demons in The Lesser Key of Solomon, one of the most famous/historically important books of occultism in the real world. The seals are literally copies of those drawn by Aliester Crowley. Researching 19th-century(ish) European occult societies and the myths and legends of the goetic demons may provide some inspiration.
Pathfinder Medium
In Pathfinder, as I said, there is no official binder and no official vestiges. The medium class from Occult Adventures is probably the most similar in official material, and in the playtest it was actually quite binder-like. The final version, though, only gets to choose from a very small list of spirits.
Pathfinder Third-Party Pactmaker (formerly Occultist)
Radiance House had a class called the occultist, renamed to pactmaker when Paizo’s Occult Adventures was released with its own class called occultist (which is not at all similar to the binder, but a pretty cool class in its own right). These classes are a pretty direct port of the 3.5e binder class, complete with their own version of vestiges. The occultist was found in Pact Magic Unbound (volumes 1 and 2), while the pactmaker update is in Grimoire of Lost Souls.
It must be stated that when binding spirits in this system, a vision is involved, and for several of the spirits in Grimoire of Lost Souls—e.g. Sybee Rose—that vision is explicitly sexual. And since other spirits in the book—e.g. Tommy Greenfinger—can turn the character into a child, the result is potentially one in which your character—under the rules, anyway—is supposed to be subjected to a vision of being in a sexual situation while simultaneously being underage. It’s not necessarily right there in the book, but it is a very plausible situation to be put into, and one I consider it important to warn readers about. (And, for the record, this is after Paizo rescinded the Pathfinder-compatible logo from the book and forced it to edit out the most egregious content, including Anijira raping the pactmaker during his vision, before it could once again claim Pathfinder compatibility.) Pact Magic Unbound lacked these disturbingly sexual spirits.
Pathfinder Third-Party Empath and friends
Disclosure up front: I write freelance for Dreamscarred Press, consider the people who work there friends, and I am about to recommend a class I wrote with some secondary recommendations for my friends’ work. I will literally earn money (a small amount but nonetheless) if you take my recommendation and actually buy the book (the class is, unfortunately, not yet available on PFSRD). My conflict of interest here is obvious and considerable, and I want you to know about it before we start.
Anyway, that said, Dreamscarred Press released Psionics Augmented: Empath, which presents a medium archetype that is 1. psionic, and 2. far more similar to the binder than the actual medium is, with many “zeitgeists” available for binding, which influence the empath’s behavior. Personally, I recommend it highly, but then I would: I wrote it. So take this shaker of salt to go with my recommendation. Psionics Augmented: Living Legend and Psionics Augmented: Host of Heroes also present classes with strong binder-like themes, though the mechanics are quite different. If these interest you, you may be interested in the compilation volume Psionics Augmented: Occult which includes all three, as well as several other psionic takes on Occult Adventures classes. Much of the material there has been very well received (but again, while the others aren’t my work, I consider their authors friends, salt, etc.).