Yes... sort of.

You may add your sneak attack damage if your attack required making an attack roll. This includes attack rolls made with spells or thrown weapons. Clearly, sneak attack works with Aether Kinetic Blast.

Now let's factor in Delay Blast. Delay Blast does not alter the fact that you're making an attack roll; it only alters when that attack roll is made. As long as you're within sneak attack range (usually 30 ft), you can add sneak attack damage to the blast damage.

However, I don't think it quite works the way you're describing. Let's assume for the sake of argument that your GM agrees a shuriken can "stick" to the target (this isn't really defined in the rules, but ok). Delay Blast does not say you make the attack roll now and the blast happens later; it says "the kinetic blast takes effect" during a later turn. This includes the attack. So it doesn't turn your shuriken into a time-bomb; think of it as your kineticist charges the shuriken with kinetic energy, and a short while later the shuriken hurls itself and deals sneak attack damage.

No, because of the action economy

Kinetic Blade and Energize Weapon are both form infusions which must be used as part of an attack action, charge action, or full attack action, which means they cannot normally be used together; a kineticist can only use one form infusion and/or one substance infusion on a single invocation of kinetic blast:

Each time the kineticist uses one of her kinetic blast wild talents, she can apply up to one associated form infusion and up to one associated substance infusion.

With the normal action economy you could only possibly make one of these actions on a given turn so that precludes you being able to invoke both infusions at once, and the kinetic blade only lasts until the end of your turn, so it's gone before you can use it in another attack/charge/full-round attack action.

What if I have extra actions somehow?

If you were to have access to extra standard actions somehow (such as granted by certain Mythic effects, for instance) you could conceivably be able to create the kinetic blade with a standard attack action and then make another attack action with it, applying Energize Weapon with the second action. This does require you to consider the kinetic blade as a "manufactured weapon", but the precise definition of that is contested. There doesn't seem to be specific clarification from Paizo on whether or not the kinetic blade is a manufactured weapon or not, but the similar case of the Warlock's mystic bolt was addressed in FAQ:

Warlock Mystic Bolts: This ability says that it lets me count it as a light weapon, but is it manufactured? Do the bolts add my Strength bonus on damage rolls?

Warlock mystic bolts aren’t manufactured weapons; they’re magical effects (similar to scorching rays or the flames from produce flame), and you don’t add your Strength bonus on damage rolls.

It looks like maybe a kinetic blade shouldn't be considered to be a manufactured weapon, as it is very similar to mystic bolt... but the whole manufactured/not-manufactured distinction is pretty muddy and awful. It seems like it was sometimes used as a catch-all to mean any non-natural weapon, but in others has a definition a little more in-line with standard English. In order for the system to make any sense, some common sense reasoning generally needs to be applied to determine which meaning is meant in context and whether or not an effect is applicable.

Personally, I'd rule that it's okay to combine the two effects if you've got the actions necessary to make it happen; there are worse things you could be doing with extra actions, and it would let you combine different blast types, which is cool.