WotC hasn't produced a Far Realms book yet, much to my sadness, and none of their books provide a ton of star pact material. The planar books are more useful for infernal or dark pact warlocks, unsurprisingly.
There are a few good Dragon articles. "Performing the Pact" is a general guide to roleplaying pacts and patrons; it contains hints and one sample patron for each pact, including the star pact. There are also feats and background options appropriate for a star pact warlock. "Wish Upon A Star" is nearly essential for a star pact warlock. It ties the stars into your favorite Cthulhoid entities and provides a ton of roleplaying advice useful for both GMs and players. It's also got a lot of mechanics: feats, lots of powers, a paragon path, and an epic destiny.
The Eberron Campaign Guide is worth looking at for the material on the Cult of the Dragon Below. They're the aberrant-worshippers of the setting. I was particularly amused by the Finches, a family of backwoods darkness worshippers, with names like Thelonius and Lucretia. Lovecraftian if anything ever was. The monsters of Khyber and Xoriat fit Lovecraftian themes nicely as well.
As far as third party material goes, Goodman Games has a book of Cthulhu monsters, Critter Cache 6: Lovecraftian Bestiary. Issue #2 of their magazine, Level Up, has monster stats (which might be duplicated from the Critter Cache book) and a Cthulhu-oriented adventure.
Besides the 4e material, I'd at least think about some of the Lamentations of the Flame Princess books. The main rulebook/boxed set probably isn't that applicable, but I have Death Frost Doom and some of his Pembrooktonshire material: it's all very creepy and not tightly tied to any one system. Tower of the Stargazer has a very promising title.
OK! You want the Manual of the Planes to start with. It's got an entire section on the Feywild, which parenthetically was written by John Rogers, mastermind behind the TV show Leverage, which has an RPG based on it. (But don't buy the Leverage RPG, it won't help you with fey pact warlocks.)
The aforementioned "Performing the Pact" continues to be useful for the same reasons it was useful for star pact warlocks -- good roleplay advice, and some nice mechanical benefits.
Unfortunately, there's no fey pact equivalent of the really good star pact warlock article. There is, however, a great Feywild article: "Court of Stars: Prince of Frost." It's mostly background material about the Prince of Frost, a powerful evil fey being. There are also several pages in the back directly addressing warlock pacts with the Prince, including both roleplaying material and mechanical crunch.
Similarly, Dungeon had a Creature Incarnations article on Fomorians. It's not oriented towards warlocks, but if you're looking for great stuff on the Feywild, it's worth reading.
If you're looking for adventures, King of the Trollhaunt Warrens takes place in and around the Feywild. I don't find it hugely evocative of the fey spirit except maybe in the last section, but it does offer one perspective. Similarly, the RPGA module The Lady in Flames is strongly Feywild flavored.
Continuing to third party resources, Goodman Games comes to our aid again, with Creature Cache 4: Fey Folk. It's purely a monster book, so if you want more Feywild denizens, it's where to go. Kobold Quarterly has a fey-themed adventure, Courts of the Shadow Fey, which might also be useful.
Best Answer
Warlocks with fiend pacts are mortals,1 and therefore do not have any relevance to any fiendish hierarchy—in life, anyway.
Fiend-pact warlocks are rather likely to find themselves on the Lower Planes after death, either because they actively enabled an evil entity to advance its aims on the material plane and thus are judged evil themselves, or because they explicitly sold their souls to their patron. In the latter case, that soul is now a commodity, not an entity. What their fiendish patron does with it can vary; it can power various foul magics, serve as food or entertainment, or it can be put to work. Mortal souls become fiends naturally on the Lower Planes, so at some point—if not consumed or destroyed—it will become a fiend itself, and then it will have a place in the appropriate fiendish hierarchy.
Orcus, demon prince of undeath, famously followed this route. Whether he was a “warlock” per se is irrelevant,2 point is that his soul found itself in the Abyss, and eventually became a dretch, and accrued power from there.
Tieflings do not really have any formal place in the hierarchy; if they are useful pawns, then they will be used as pawns, but aside from that they’re regarded as weak and replaceable. It’s hard to prove a negative, but I have not seen them included in the various fiendish hierarchies, nor described as being eligible for promotion to other fiendish types, even the lowest-rank options like dretch or nupperibo/lemure.3
I mean, unless they’re not. Fiends and other outsiders could conceivably become warlocks, too, and a fiend making a pact with a more powerful fiend is not at all unusual. But the pact doesn’t necessarily change their place in the hierarchy. It presumably makes them stronger, which obviously matters, but how much is going to depend on the exact pact and what their patron is offering, and how much that affects their placement is going to depend on how that’s viewed by their peers.
The warlock class didn’t actually exist when Orcus was first published in 1976; he was just known to have been a spellcaster in life. At the time, the only arcane-spellcasting class was the generic “magic user,” since Orcus debuted in the fourth-ever Dungeons & Dragons book, Eldritch Wizardry. The warlock as we know it today didn’t exist until 2004’s Complete Arcane supplement for the “3.5e revised edition” of Dungeons & Dragons.
Nupperiboes are actually—and this is an incredibly closely-guarded secret—the lowest form of ancient Baatorian, rather than the modern rulers of Hell, the Baatezu. They are shredded and rendered into lemures, the lowest-rank Baatezu; most devils—most everyone at all—believes this is done simply because nupperiboes cannot be promoted to other types of devils, while lemures can. But that’s not quite right—they probably can be promoted, but that would be to other forms of Baatorian devil instead of Baatezu devil. Part of the Baatezu’s “might makes right” hold on Baator depends upon this practice to prove their dominance over what’s left of the Baatorians, who might otherwise be seen as the “rightful” rulers of Hell. This matters a great deal because Baator is a lawful evil plane—the Baatezu’s claim is only valid to Baator if the Baatezu actually control the plane, and that means eliminating any potential rival claims. So the high-ups in the Baatezu hierarchy—particularly Asmodeus—make a point of ensuring that the nupperibo-to-lemure process is extremely thorough. Most of Asmodeus’s power comes from Baator itself, so he cannot allow that to slip. Baator does the Baatorians no favors, though—most everyone believes nupperiboes cannot be promoted because they never seem to, and a lot of that has to do with the Baatezu dominance of the plane suppressing that.