No, the Giant Elk is given only one Action (and no Bonus Actions), and thus can only choose to do one of the available actions.
The text for Charge reads (MM, pp325)
If the elk moves at least 20 feet straight towards a target and then hits it with a ram attack...
Your Actions(and specifically those for Attacking) are as follows (MM, pp325)
- Ram
- Hooves
The Charge means you are choosing the Ram Attack.
The next round, if the creature is still prone, you may attack with the Hooves. Otherwise, it's just another Ram attack without the charge (unless you take the OA to move away and run again at them.)
And as Andras says, there ARE beasts like the Elephant (MM, pp322), that have viable Bonus Actions available to them.
Trampling Charge. If the elephant moves at least 20 feet straight toward a creature and then hits it with a gore attack on the same turn, that target must succeed on a DC 12 Strength saving throw or be knocked prone. If the target is prone, the elephant can make one stomp attack against it as a bonus action.
The (Giant) Elk, however, is not one of them.
Best Answer
The knockdown only happens on a successful hit.
Everything between the attack name and “Hit:” is general to the attack; everything after “Hit:” happens only if the attack hits.
This is detailed explicitly in the Introduction of the Monster Manual, where it explains how to read monsters' stats, so you don't have to rely on implicit reading at all. On page 11 under Actions, Melee and Ranged Attacks (headings are on previous page) it says: