The stats received imply quite a lot:
Average intelligence -- The polymorphed creature shouldn't be perceived as a simpleton or ignorant. No penalty to knowledge checks implies an average level of knowledge.
Average wisdom -- Should appear to operate on basic common sense (knows when to come in from the rain). No penalty to sense motive checks implies not naive.
Average charisma -- Interacts normally with others. No penalty on diplomacy checks implies that it knows the niceties of local interaction, and generally doesn't come across as creepy.
So when you polymorph the hair into an elf, you get an elf. They might be missing very specific knowledge (like the best place to grab a coffee in the major elven town), but they are otherwise indistinguishable from another perfectly average elf: They know what gods to worship, how to interact with each other, how to care for themselves in their native environment, etc.
Individually, your elves are fine. Average, but fine. Where you're going to run into problems is as a society. Your elves are going to be completely lacking in specialists:
No great leaders to run the society.
No great architects and builders to build and maintain their cites/infrastructure.
No great generals to protect them.
No great scholars to remember the details of their history.
No great priests to maintain their relationship to their gods (beyond the basics of worships the average elf knows).
How big of a problem this is depends on what your PCs do to prop up the new society, and how you handle the advancement of NPCs in non-adventuring classes.
Note that this assumes an elvish mono-culture, as is typical of D&D. If there are many elvish cultures in your world, the PCs should either pick one or the DM should select one at random (or pick the most dominant one).
If you're willing to borrow a fairly reasonable half-breed from Pathfinder you can get 6/10 for sure, probably 7/10, and maybe all of them without any magic or unpleasantness at all (for you).
Step 1: Get in good with the Green Hags.
Yah, this doesn't sound like a very good idea. Hags in general "are horrible creatures whose love of evil is equalled only by their ugliness" (Monster Manual, 2003). They also "may turn on their master if they see a chance to seize power for themselves" and "do evil for its own sake". So basically, by just considering this you've already lost your Paladin levels.
Fortunately for Our Hero, Green Hags are definitely the most attractive of the bunch (of the hags, that is), lacking both the Horrific Appearance (Ex) of the Sea Hag and the Rend (Ex) and Rake (Ex) abilities of the Annis (not to mention her 325 pound weight). Given the description, this means they must also be the least evil, not that that means you get your Paladin levels back.
The main issue at this step is that the hag or hags might just decide to kill and eat you or otherwise not cooperate in this whole procreating business. Assuming you (you are the prince) figure out some way either to woo yourself into a hag's actual good graces or temporarily defuse the various attempts she makes on your life, mind, soul and kingdom long enough to produce a child, we can continue. Like all hags, Green Hags can cast disguise self at will. They also have a 14 base Cha and a 12 base Dex.
Step 2: Raising Your Daughter
The child is a changeling. Changelings are clever and comely, good traits in future Princesses. They also aren't inherently evil, which is good if you still care about that. Changelings grow up fast, and hit adulthood at age 15, just like humans.
Step 3: Profit
If you talked your GM into letting you keep your paladin levels from before (or got an atonement), you're losing them now. Your daughter can definitely reproduce with the Bugbears, Halflings, Dwarves, Centaurs, and Locathah. ("Depending on the race of her father, a changeling can resemble any type of humanoid, including dwarves, gnomes, and even orcs and goblins.") She can probably reproduce with the Aranea (From Change Shape: "The first is a unique Small or Medium humanoid"). She might be able to reproduce with the Pixie, Cloaker, and Beholder, depending on your definition of 'man' ("When a hag of any sort conceives a child with a man, the result is a changeling").
Because her mother was a Green Hag, she even "gains a +2 racial bonus on Bluff checks against creatures that are sexually attracted to her".
Step 4: Plan B
If, for some reason, your GM rules that beholders and such are a bit much, it's time to step up the game. You do have a Cleric, so have him call up a succubus with Lesser Planar Ally (you'll have to get one's true name, but that shouldn't be too hard. You could settle for whatever demon/devil his deity feels like at the time, but you really want your side to be the female, so you have custody of the offspring until it's born and nothing fishy happens. This is in fact the entire point of using Planar Ally, if you're ok with the other race having initial custody, you could do it with Summon Monster II for a Lemure, combined with some caster level boosts for duration and something to make the other party agree to this). Fiends can breed with any non-good creature (MM p. 147), so this nets you the beholders (at the cost of there now being half-fiend beholders in the world) and the cloakers.
Step 5: Plan B, Part 2
This leaves only the pixies, who are neutral good, beyond the reach of your unholy alliance. Have your wizard craft a Helm of Opposite Alignment, kidnap the Queen of the Pixies, stick it on her, and proceed as above. Or summon demons to tempt the pixies into evil. Or whatever.
Step 6: Receive Obeisance
You are by now King of a nation (you did off your older brother during this, right?) whose grandchildren rule each of the surrounding nations. If you can somehow keep your children loyal to your lineage and otherwise under your heel, you have consolidated control of the entire region once your grandchildren take over the leadership roles of their respective societies. At this point you can turn your attention outward, sending your daughter and other emissaries to nearby humanoid lands, while you continue to enjoy the spoils and dowries of 10 tiny nations. Make sure you keep that rogue around, though: those hags are gonna backstab you sooner or later.
All of the above is doable without access to changelings or, technically, evil summoning spells. You could instead mass produce helms of opposite alignment and convert the princesses of the neighboring nations to the side of good as needed, summoning a Lantern Archon (4th level spell) instead of a Lemure, or calling a Bralani instead of a succubus. Even if you do this, however, if I was your GM I'd seriously investigate your justifications/reasoning because you are basically raping the leaders of every surrounding country in order to use your shared offspring for your own political gain. If you can somehow diplomatically generate consent from the ruling parties of all 10 of your neighbors, then that's a different story, but several of them (hags, beholders) seem to have evil as a part of their essence. I doubt your ability to accomplish this and remain LG Pal 4, Crusader X, but I suppose it is possible.
Best Answer
The idea of a 'Rogue Modron' originates from the Planescape Campaign Setting, specifically in The Planewalker's Handbook, on page 76.
There's a lot more detail on them in that book, I'd suggest giving it a read. But the heart of it is that Modron's are creatures of pure order...and exposing them to too much disorder (especially within their own ranks) is not good for their minds.
The biggest takeaway here, though, is this: They are self-aware. Normal Modrons are not. A Rogue Modron is no longer part of the mechanical hierarchy that is Modron civilization. Also of note...they all look basically like Quadrones.
I would also note that 5E does have an extra way they can 'Go Rogue'
MM224
Couple that rule with The Great Modron March (mentioned on the same page of the Monster Manual), and you have a vast host of Modrons trucking around the Outer Planes. Some of which are very chaotic indeed. To give you a hook to work with...this sounds like a great opportunity to expose Modrons to 'chaotic energies' or 'proof that all is not orderly' and possibly cause large groups of them to go Rogue.