[RPG] How do the Ranger features Hunter’s Quarry and Prime Shot work

combatdnd-4eranger

First of all. I'm really sorry if the question is so "dumb". There is nobody that can teach me at this point, and I'm really clueless

So I'm playing in this solo D&D And I currently in a room, here's a diagram.

http://dnd.chromesphere.com/Solo_Adventures/The_Crypt/Rooms/Room2a.png

s2 is where I am. a and b are dire rat.

I decided to attack this dire rat using my arrow (shortbow) to be precise (My Class is ranger. I'm a human. Level 1)

But how I resolved this?

And here's 2 points that I'd like to point out.

I'm a ranger. I have this class featured call "Hunter's Quarry"

Once per turn as a minor action, you can designate the enemy nearest to you as your quarry.
Once per round, you deal extra damage to your quarry.
The extra damage is based on your level.
If you can make multiple attacks in a round, you decide
which attack to apply the extra damage to after all the attacks are rolled.
The hunter’s quarry effect remains active until the end of the encounter, until the
quarry is defeated, or until you designate a different target as your quarry.
You can designate one enemy as your quarry at a time.

Do I deal this damage even though I missed?

Then there is a class feature called "Prime Shot"

If none of your allies are nearer to your target than you are, you receive a +1 bonus to ranged attack rolls against that target.

I'm lonely and I'm using arrows, how this affect the combat?

PS: It will be helpful and lovely if you don't just explain this one not just attacking but from deciding surprise round until the combat ends.

Thank You

Best Answer

When you put your Hunter's Quarry on a creature, the extra damage can only be added on a hit.

Your rules quote was either out of date (missing errata) or just simply not a complete copy. Hunter's Quarry actually reads:

Hunter's Quarry

At-Will Minor Action

Effect: You can designate the nearest enemy to you that you can see as your quarry. Once per round, when you hit your quarry with an attack, the attack deals extra damage based on your level. If you can make multiple attacks in a round, you decide which attack to apply the extra damage to after all the attacks are rolled. If you have dealt Hunter’s Quarry damage since the start of your turn, you cannot deal it again until the start of your next turn.

The hunter’s quarry effect remains active until the end of the encounter, until the quarry is defeated, or until you designate a different target as your quarry.

You can designate one enemy as your quarry at a time.

I've italicized and bolded the pertinent rules.

Prime Shot triggers when you are the closest PC to an enemy and you attack that enemy.

In your case, Prime Shot would basically trigger on every attack you make because you would be closer than any other PC in the party (since there are not other PCs in the party).

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