Yes: curses, ability damage, and ability drain causes loss of the ability to use the feat. You don't actually lose the feat, however - you just don't gain it's benefits until you meet the prerequisite again.
From the Players Handbook 3.5 page 87.
Prerequisites
A character cannot use a feat if he or she has lost the prerequisite. For example, if your characters strength drops below 13 because of a ray of enfeeblement spell, he or she can't use the Power Attack feat until the prerequisite is met again
When you lose a feat that is a prerequisite of another feat only the abilities of the prerequisite feat are lost, because you only have to have a prerequisite feat to qualify for another feat and losing the abilities doesn't change the fact that you have the prerequisite feat, you don't actually have to be able to use the prerequisite feat to qualify for the other feat...
...So if your dexterity was dropped below 13 you would lose access to Two-Weapon-Fighting
but you would not lose access to Oversized-Two-Weapon-Fighting.
Counterintuitively,
Avoid Weapon Special Abilities that Inflict Damage
If your PC has been taking feats like Favored in House (ECS 53), and Least Dragonmark (mark of finding (ECS 64)) (ECS 53), and Skill Focus (Bluff) (PH 100) so he can better make Seduce to Learn Secret checks while the other PCs have been specializing in monster murdering, and they realize you aren't contributing much in a fight, explain that you'll need their help. As a swashbuckler (who doesn't cast spells) you were going to need it anyway. That's not an insult but a fact of mid- and high-level play.
You'll need their help because the first weapon special ability you add to your rapier is spell storing (DMG 225) (+1 bonus). No other weapon special ability scales for damage as well as it does because it scales with your party, one of whom should be happy to refill your +1 spell storing rapier free of charge at the end of a slow adventuring day. If you must fill your own tank, take ranks in the Use Magic Device skill and load your +1 spell storing rapier using a wand of combust [evoc] (SpC 50) (2nd-level spell at caster level 10) (300 gp/charge) or a wand of vampiric touch [necro] (PH 298) (3rd-level spell at caster level 20) (900 gp/charge) or a wand of another spell that the Comments will inevitably suggest.
It sounds like you're in a game wherein sources of magic items are restricted. If you aren't, also consider the weapon special ability bloodstone (MIC 29) (+1 bonus), which is like the weapon special ability spell storing that only holds the spell vampiric touch but the touch is modified by the feat Empower Spell (PH 93) for free. Seriously. Then add the weapon special ability power storing (MIC 40) (+1 bonus) if there's a psion available; my unfamiliarity with psionics means I don't know what's best, but there must be something awesome and Eberron is psionics-friendly. Then virtually guarantee your attack hits by adding the weapon special ability impaling (MIC 37) (+1 bonus).
If you are confined to the Dungeon Master's Guide for your weapon, the only other serious choices for damage are the weapon special abilities bane (DMG 224) (+1 bonus), picking whatever the DM's throwing at you a lot, and holy (DMG 225) (+2 bonus) or, y'know, unholy (DMG 226) (+2 bonus) if you're an evil swashbuckler: a lot of your foes will be evil (or good) anyway; punish them for it. If chasing just damage buy the weapon special abilities magebane (CAr 143-4) (+1 bonus) and vampiric (MIC 45) (+2 bonus) if allowed.
The flat +5 damage from the weapon special ability collision (MIC 31) (+2 bonus) is the best you're going to get, but also consider, if it's permitted, the weapon special ability fierce (AE 96) (+2 bonus) that lets the weapon's wielder to take a penalty to his Armor Class up to his Dexterity bonus to add the the penalty's absolute value as a bonus to the weapon's damage.
Although others may disagree, most of the other damaging effects from the DMG and elsewhere inflict energy damage that a high level creature's energy resistance will easily absorb, employ effects high level foes are often immune to (e.g. ability damage and ability drain, critical hits, negative energy effects), or have saving throw DCs that are too low to be viable.
Effects That Don't Inflict Damage, But Take a Look
The weapon special ability dispelling (MIC 33) (+1 bonus) et. al. will make you popular with your group even if you aren't inflicting a lot of damage. The same goes for the weapon special ability revealing (MIC 42) (+1 bonus), which eliminates miss chances for your party; in high-level play miss chances are commonplace, and everyone will thank you even if you hit only once.
The elemental power weapon special abilities from DMG2 254-5 et. al. range from a +1 bonus to a +4 bonus and permit summoning of an elemental of increasing size based on the bonus purchased. Being an elemental-summoning swashbuckler may sound strange, but the value of minions with cool powers can't be overstated--ask any necromancer.
I don't like abilities that allow saving throws nor do I like abilities relying on critical hits, but the weapon special ability prismatic burst (MIC 40) (30,000 gp) is an exception to both. The flat cost means it's possible to add it to a weapon that's already full of other bonuses. The weapon special ability sending (LE 152) (+4 bonus) is also valuable, despite only activating on a natural 20 and a successful critical roll; a no-saving-throw teleport effect versus a high-level foe is more likely to remove him from battle than almost any other effect, although by the time this is avaialable most foes should have a way of returning to the battlefield shortly.
I've not heard of a DM actually allowing the weapon special ability smoking (LD 180) (+1 bonus), but I suggest it because it exists. It's a defensive ability, but a spectactular one, and defensive abilities keep you alive long enough to use offensive abilities. The weapon special ability spellblade (PG 120) (6,000 gp) is just as cool; pick a targeted spell the DM loves, ignore it, and even huck it back at the caster.
The weapon special ability Keeper's fang (ECS 266) (+4 bonus) renders creatures you kill with the weapon unable to return from the dead via the spells "resurrection, raise dead, reincarnate, or similar effects"; the weapon becomes evil and makes you look like a jerk to some folks, but this is such a powerful ability in any typical Dungeons and Dragons campaign that its utility can't be ignored.
Don't Neglect Accessories!
A broken weapon made from aurorum (BE 38) (+4,000 gp) can be made whole as full-round action, but a weapon made from riverine (Sto 128) (+2,000 gp/lb.) is just immune to damage.
A weapon made from morghuth-iron (AE 14) (+4,000 gp) is constantly naturally poisonous, but the poison's saving throw DC is low, the weapon's wielder takes a -1 penalty to attack rolls and damage rolls with the weapon, and many high-level creatures are straight-up immune to poison. This is, however, far cheaper than many effects, and there's no use limit.
A weapon with the template pitspawned (DMG2 278) (+1,000 gp; 0 lbs.) grants the wielder a +2 bonus to critical rolls.
A wand chamber (Du 34) (100 gp; 0 lbs.) is a space in the weapon for a wand which can be used without drawing the wand; perfect if you've ranks in the Use Magic Device skill. A hilt hollow (Du 33) (300 gp; 0 lbs.) is a space in the weapon for a potion which must be extracted but it's easier than normal. Get both. An oil chamber (Du 33-4) (1,000 gp; 0 lbs.) is expensive, but can hold an oil of greater magic weapon [trans] (PH 251-2) (3rd-level spell at caster level 20) (DMG 230) (3,000 gp; 0.1 lbs.) or ghostoil (AE 34) (50 gp; 1 lb.). A triple weapon capsule retainer (CAd 121-2) (450 gp; 0 lbs.) holds 3 alchemical weapon capsules (CAd 122), which do everything from more damage to silvering your weapon on the fly.
You'll want a weapon with at least a +3 enhancement bonus (not just a +1 weapon with at least 1 additional +2 bonus or 2 additional +1 bonus weapon special abilities!) if planning to attach the most powerful augment crystals (MIC 221). Start with the crystal of return (least) (MIC 65) (300 gp; 0 lbs.) now if you've not the feat Quick Draw (PH 98) or another way to draw a weapon as a free action. Purchase more augment crystals as needed for the campaign.
Suggestions
All bets are off if the campaign allows more sources than these.
- A +1 bane (humans) holy spell-storing adamantine rapier (53,320 gp; 3 lbs.) if you can only use the Dungeon Master's Guide.
- A +1 bloodstone collision dispelling impaling prismatic burst spell-storing vampiric adamantine rapier (195,320 gp; 3 lbs.) if you can use the Dungeon Master's Guide and the Magic Items Compendium. Perspective: This weapon costs nearly two tons of gold.
Best Answer
It is usually considered outside the DM's job scope to directly increase the hit points (or combat effectiveness in general) of one particular character. Players have a certain amount of freedom in how they build their character, which occasionally means they shoot themselves in the foot.
But the DM can do some things like:
But. An easier route than fixing the character by DM intervention might be to just point out the options available to the character to the player. The Wizard class has a great many powerful defensive spells to increase their survivability, even at low levels, and even in core. And Wizards can easily learn new spells. Defensive spells include:
The DM can also, very easily, add specific items to a monster's treasure hoard to help with the problem, provided the players are wise enough to let the wizard wear or use them: