Not by the rules, but you might convince your GM

The light spell says:

You touch one object that is no larger than 10 feet in any dimension.

Honey isn't an object

If you can convince your GM that a piece of honey is an object, then you can cast light on it. (And does honey come in "pieces"?)

The dictionary

The dictionary describes "object" as:

something material that may be perceived by the senses

So, you might think a "piece of honey" is a thing, so you can cast light on it.

The Dungeon Master's Guide

However, the DMG says this:

For the purpose of these rules, an object is a discrete, inanimate item like a window, door, sword, book, table, chair, or stone, not a building or a vehicle that is composed of many other objects.

So it really seems like calling honey an object is stretching the rules past the breaking point.

You could target a jar of honey and certainly light the jar. Could you light the honey inside, but not the jar? Then the honey inside becomes "the piece" of honey, and it doesn't change the discussion.

Allowing it anyway

Still, a maximally cooperative GM might allow it, in general, or in a specific case, because it seems cool and interesting and not overpowered.

On the other hand, the GM needs to manage expectations and rules. Some players might take that single case and say, "Well, if it works for a piece of honey then it works for a piece of water, I light up the ocean!" That's a big effect for a very small spell and will quickly lead to a game that's not playable. It's the GM's job to make sure that allowing a small thing doesn't somehow break bigger things.

Only one honey object at a time

But certainly if the GM allows it you can only light one object at a time. So if you're picturing dividing your piece of honey into more than one piece, and having two lit pieces, then that's more than one object, and it's not going to work.

If you're picturing smearing some honey onto something, that same maximally cooperative GM might allow it to remain lit. Even so, once it spreads and drips, it's up to the GM how it moves and which piece remains lit, which really highlights why it's challenging to treat an amorphous blob as an object.

Maybe you can throw it

Throwing a piece of honey might work, although it sounds a little dubious. The honey I'm familiar with isn't really throwable, although, I suppose if it's a lump of crystalized honey, or even a piece of honeycomb, then it's closer to an "object".

But does it stick?

I think you're going to have problems with the sticking part. If I imagine someone throwing a piece of crystalized honey at me, even if it would stick for a second, I think it would very easily fall off. Even a very cooperative GM might well rule that it just doesn't stay.

An alternative

If you're trying to figure out a way to attack a creature with light, and make it stick, you might take a look at something like the faerie fire spell.