Fabricate cannot be stored in glyph of warding
So that part of your question will not work from the get-go.
Glyph of warding (spell glyph) says:
You can store a prepared spell of 3rd level or lower in the glyph by
casting it as part of creating the glyph. The spell must target a
single creature or an area... If the spell has a target, it targets
the creature that triggered the glyph.
However, fabricate is not a valid spell to store with glyph of warding because it targets materials (objects) and not a creature or an area and thus cannot be stored in the glyph.
Choose raw materials that you can see within range...
But assuming you chose a different spell, I'll answer the core of your question.
It depends on how your DM defines your location
Glyph of Warding (as of the post-errata 6th printing)
You inscribe [the glyph] either on a surface either on a surface (such as a table or a section of floor or wall) or within an object that can be closed (such as a book, a scroll, or a treasure chest) to conceal the glyph... If the surface or object is moved more than 10 feet from where you cast this spell, the glyph is broken, and the spell ends without being triggered. (PHB p. 245)
There are no rules guidance for what is considered a location or not. There is a good discussion of it here, but what it really comes down to is a DM decision.
Case 1: Location relative to planet - Yes, spell is broken
In this case "where you cast the spell" would be the spot that you can see on the ground (or wherever you are casting it). Basically think GPS coordinates.
If the ship moved more than 10 feet from the GPS coordinates of where you cast the spell, the spell will be broken.
This is a very straightforward reading, but could possibly prevent usage of the spell on cloud giants' flying castles and other such large significant moving areas. However,
Case 2: Location relative to ship - No, spell is not broken
This reading means that since the ship is the point of reference it can really never be broken because the hull of the ship, barring some terrible failure, should never be more than 10 feet from the ship itself.
This reading is more generous, but could be prone to hijinks in how small that relative motion is defined.
Experienced-based recommendation
In my games, I generally opt for option #2 in areas that are big enough that PCs normally feel comfortable calling the setting for a scene. So an enormous boat substantial enough for its own map, generally would be considered the frame of reference for the scene whereas a one-person minecart would not.
Just note that there is no reason you have to pick an option and stick with it for every case in every situation. It is a case-by-case, scene-by-scene ruling and the key is to try to go with what feels naturally like the frame of reference for the scene.
I've found that this aligns with players' often subconscious expectations and causes less confusion and friction at the table.
Assuming casting Dispel Magic on the Alarm is infeasible (perhaps the makers of the Vault were so meticulous that they cast Alarm on each individual piece of gold), this seems like an ideal use case for Leomund's Secret Chest
Since you've said the players have several thousands of their own gold outside the contents of the Vault, they could spend 5,050 gp to have the material components for Leomund's Secret Chest commissioned (see spell description below; I presume there's no time pressure until the Alarm is triggered). The wizard may need to research and learn Leomund's Secret Chest, as well (I don't have my books handy at the moment and so can't price out the research needed to learn the spell through experimentation, but it's a minimum of 8 hours and 200 gp to copy it into the spellbook--halved if your wizard is of the conjuration school).
Leomund's Secret Chest
4th level Conjuration
Casting Time: 1 Action
Range: Touch
Components: V, S, M (an exquisite chest, 3 feet by 2 feet by 2 feet, constructed from rare materials worth at least 5,000 gp, and a Tiny replica made from the same materials worth at least 50 gp)
Duration: Instantaneous
You hide a chest, and all its contents, on the Ethereal Plane. You must touch the chest and the miniature replica that serves as a material component for the spell. The chest can contain up to 12 cubic feet of nonliving material (3 feet by 2 feet by 2 feet).
While the chest remains on the Ethereal Plane, you can use an action and touch the replica to recall the chest. It appears in an unoccupied space on the ground within 5 feet of you. You can send the chest back to the Ethereal Plane by using an action and touching both the chest and the replica.
After 60 days, there is a cumulative 5 percent chance per day that the spell’s effect ends. This effect ends if you cast this spell again, if the smaller replica chest is destroyed, or if you choose to end the spell as an action. If the spell ends and the larger chest is on the Ethereal Plane, it is irretrievably lost.
Preparing the Chest for use in the heist
Using these, they can hide the larger chest on the Ethereal Plane with a single casting of Leomund's Secret Chest, linking the full-size and replica chests. This could even be done a day in advance to recover the spell slot. The next day, from inside the Vault and "while the [larger] chest remains on the Etereal Plane, [the wizard] can use an action and touch the replica to recall the [larger] chest. [The larger chest] appears in an unoccupied space on the ground within 5 feet of [the wizard]."
Loading up the loot
From inside the vault, they can load up the coins into the larger chest, which can contain up to 12 cubic feet of nonliving material acccording to the spell description. I used an online calculator to calculate the volume of 10,000 lbs of gold (although admittedly, that's assuming a single, solid mass), and it comes out to 8.29 cubic feet. Assuming the coins are thin cylindrical solids, if the coins are placed in rows or stacks (think like rolls of coins, but without the paper roll), you're looking at a packing factor of about 78.5% for a square (as seen from the end of the row/top of the stack) arrangement, so at most the 12 cubic foot interior of the chest could hold an equivalent of 9.42 cubic feet of gold coins (specific to this particular arrangement of coins, and notably more than the 8.29 cubic feet that much mass of gold would occupy). During this time, the gold is still inside the Vault, and so the Alarm will not trigger. This part is time-consuming, but under no functional time pressure, and all party members can help arrange the coins for tight storage. What's more, if it takes days of labor (which the party seems willing to put in, what with 70 castings of Fabricate involved in their original plan), the party can leave the chest inside the Vault and it'd be so absurdly difficult for someone to get the chest up and out of the existing 2 foot square hole that anyone else who manages to get inside is likely to leave it alone. I've never worked with this many coins, but I still suspect it'll take fewer days than the 70 castings of Fabricate would require.
The great escape
Once the gold is loaded into the larger chest, it can be closed (which isn't technically required, but it's worth doing just in case someone or something comes across it on the Ethereal Plane) and they can "send the chest back to the Ethereal Plane by using an action and touching both the [larger] chest and the replica." At this point, the gold leaves the Vault and the Alarm triggers, but all the party needs to do is go back up the hole (or even Dimension Door out if they're feeling fancy and don't want to be seen leaving the building in which the Vault entrance is hidden) with the Tiny replica and go about their business as though nothing has happened. As long as they recall the chest to the Material Plane within 60 days (by using an action with the Tiny chest), there's no chance of it being irretrievably lost on the Ethereal Plane. What's more, after this entire heist is done and they unload the gold wherever, they can sell off the chest and replica to recoup some of that initial 5,050 gp cost for the materials if they're so inclined.
Best Answer
The full description of the Fabricate spell:
These are all the limitations of the spell.
Walls are objects (like most parts of the environment that aren't creatures), so a part of a wall or a piece of flooring (e.g. a wooden plank) would be considered an object as well. Depending on the size of the chunk of wall, the material it's made out of, and the level of craftsmanship making such a wall piece would require, Fabricate might be able to make it.
In your particular example, it's a stone wall, and thus you would only be able to make a Medium-size piece of wall (that fits within a single 5-foot cube) with one casting of the spell. Your DM would also need to rule that it doesn't require a high degree of craftsmanship to make. And of course you'll need the stone in some form (whether in rubble or from a boulder or something), since that's the raw material that is being magically converted into the new form.
Also, keep in mind that nothing about the Fabricate spell attaches the object you create to anything else. Even if you meet the above conditions, you'd need some way to place the chunk of new wall you've made into the hole in the wall, and to secure it there.