Disclaimer: I have never played DnD 4th Edition.

There seem to be two different things this player is doing that are causing a problem for you, and I'm going to address them separately. I'll start with the simpler of the two.

Your player wants to contradict the rules.

He made a Dragonborn fighter, and since that moment he's been complaining about how he lacks low-light vision but our elf and halfing have it.

... he argued it was illogical it wasn't weak to fire powers since light sources should damage him, and so on.

He's also been asking for Rebuke Undead on the Cleric to become like the original where he can use it as a ritual and one-shot undeads ...

In these situations your player wants something he liked in other games, or because he feels it "makes sense" in the real world. For this, you're going to have to come down on the side of the rules here. The innate abilities of races, the separation of elemental damage types, and the design of combat powers are all a part of the game's balance. To give him these things would be unfair to the other players, who are working within the limits set up by the system.

Now, your player isn't going to like this, because he wants to do more "cool" stuff and his view is clearly that the system is holding him back in this respect. This brings us to the second part.

Your player wants to expand the rules.

Also, he seems to fail to understand Powers hold no real trole playing value, as he's been trying to cut ropes with fire at-will powers during sequences, trying to make the Psion use Far Hand or Far Push to impulse him thru gaps to den "exhale smoke" from his mind and use an at-will to burn wood, all of it on a skill challenge. He also tried to make the sorceror use Dragonfrost At-Will to extinguish lanters during a fight, that they could do my standing besides them and using a Minor Action.

Now, where above there was some real risk of your player unbalancing himself with respect to the other players and diminishing their fun, here the player is asking for things that can make the game fun for everyone. He's chafing at the idea that combat powers can't possibily be used out of combat. Why? Because it doesn't make sense.

You should allow the player to use his combat powers out of combat. There is a nice article preserved by the Internet Archive on this. The relevant tweaks are:

1. Make your players explain how the power fits. Sometimes just the name of the power alone will fit the situation, but allow your players flexibility. As long as they explain how that power represents the character’s approach and mindset, everything is going well.
2. Give them a bonus. Don’t give anything for at-wills, or your ranger is going to constantly be “twin-striking” in conversation. An encounter is worth +2 to a skill check, and a Daily is worth +6. Why so much? Because the PC is going to expend that power, and if they are expending a daily power to accomplish something, they should stand a good chance of success.

The gist of it is that powers do something, and they should certainly also do that something outside of combat. If he wants to try and burn an object with a combat fire power, then treat it as an attack on the object. Just because there's a non-power way of doing something doesn't mean that you have to stop the players from having fun with it.

Your player wants to have fun.

Your ultimate goal at the table isn't to enforce the rules as laid out by Wizards of the Coast. Your ultimate goal is to have a good time with your friends. If you deviate from the rules in little ways that don't harm the balance of the game in order to make it more fun, then so much the better to you.

If you adopt the bonus rule quoted above, share it with your players. You might find they'll do more interesting things out of combat with this reward. And they'll know that using an at-will won't have any mechanical benefit, but it could still seem awesome.

I find it's always best to err on the side of awesome.

Talk

First thing to check (the easy stuff about soloing an enemy) - is it My Guy Syndrome?

Maybe she thinks that her character would definitely solo that kind of enemy - Goblin, you say? My character sheet says I hate Goblins from the bottom of my heart. Gotta destroy it!

If she does something like that she might just try to get into a roleplaying feeling. It's pretty normal for some people when they start with roleplaying. Some like to do social encounters and speak from the characters point of view, while others love these kinds of backstory quirks that I just tried to demonstrate. Find out why she wanted to solo that enemy. Was is backstory? Did she think she would get more EXP and could become stronger/ more important?

Try to gauge it and steer her in the right direction when you are talking with her privately and don't blame her. Neither of the intentions behind what I just mentioned is bad - but it may be too much if she takes away the other players fun. But then again - if everyone is fine with this behaviour, why not let her be the solo destroyer? It's risky, but maybe she likes that sort of play. Just be curious and ask her

"Hey, just out of curiosity - why did you want to kill that thing so badly?"

Her answer will tell you a lot about her and how she perceives her character and the game in general.

Second thing - make a cheat sheet with the most important rules

DnD has lots of rules - keeping them all in mind can be extremely difficult. An easy thing to do is to give new players a cheat sheet that says stuff like: What actions does my character have in battle? What do my stats represent? If you put that down on a small card and give it to her it will clear up a lot of things.

And don't be too picky about retconning stuff. If she messes up because she thought she always had a Bonus Action and suddenly she stands in front of an enemy at the end of her turn - let her do her turn again. The same with forgetting about Opportunity Attacks and all that other complicated stuff. One or two times won't hurt and she will remember it. If she does it more often she will have to live with the consequences.

You are the only person who can always talk - others have to be silent while you are explaining stuff

It doesn't matter whether you are describing the dungeon, telling someone how Bonus Actions work or playing a discussion as the NPC - you are the one who the players should always listen to. When you see each other physically you could take a stuffed animal or something like that - the player with the stuffed animal is the one who is currently speaking with you. In a chat your software might help you to show the profile of others in different colors or therelike. (Thanks to @KasperVanDenBerg for pointing that out.) That is something that your other players need to learn.

It's unfair to speak when somebody is learning. And you are the one to teach, because you may allow certain houserules and you are the one who knows what's important in your campaign. The others wouldn't want five people talking to them, too - it's confusing and doesn't help. Everyone wants to help, but not everyone can help at the same time. (Of course another player could explain as well, just not more than one person at any given time.)

Being the newbie is difficult

Other people seemingly saying random stuff and rules that come out of the blue... That is environment that is quite weird at first. Far too many rules compared with most card or board games. Getting the hang of it is difficult and you may be a liability for quite some time if the group already got the hang of it. Getting your chance to shine is important. And if she thinks that she can defeat that single pesky goblin and show that she mastered the core rules - you may want to give her a bit of spotlight. Everyone deserves the spotlight, but especially completely new players need it to feel that it's a fun game and they can contribute meaningfully.

If she continues putting the blame for her mistakes on others - booting might be the only option

Talk to her about it if it continues, warn her - and then go through with it. Maybe she will get a grip at the last moment, maybe not. Time's too valuable to spend it with people blaming you for their problems.