I understand that the weight of the player and the player's gear must be within the mounts carry capacity, but is this the only requirement? Are all medium animals with a high enough strength allowed to carry medium sized players? Does the creature need to be trained in the general purpose of riding or combat riding?
[RPG] required to only mount a creature
animalsdnd-3.5emount
Related Solutions
In D&D 5e, the daily rate of mounted overland travel is generally the same as on foot, because horses get tired and adventurers carry a lot of heavy equipment.
See the section Special Travel Pace in the DMG (p. 242–243). This section starts:
The rules on travel pace in the Player’s Handbook assume that a group of travelers adopts a pace that, over time, is unaffected by the individual members’ walking speeds. The difference between walking speeds can be significant during combat, but during an overland journey, the difference vanishes as travelers pause to catch their breath, the faster ones wait for the slower ones, and one traveler’s quickness is matched by another traveler’s endurance.
In the same section, the rule is:
- In 1 hour, you can move a number of miles equal to your speed divided by 10.
and then:
- For a fast pace, increase the rate of travel by one-third.
- For a slow pace, multiply the rate by two-thirds.
So an unencumbered horse with a speed of 60 could theoretically travel 6 miles in an hour at a normal pace. At a fast pace (a gallop), 8 miles per hour. That's "twice the usual distance for a fast pace", where "usual" means a creature with a speed of 30. This suggests that a riding horse with no rider, traveling alone, can cover 48 miles per day at a normal pace.
So the rule that "a mounted character can ride at a gallop for about an hour, covering twice the usual distance for a fast pace" seems to exist to allow for mounted travelers covering short distances quickly by using the mount's speed instead of "the usual pace", for up to an hour each day.
So, according to the rules, a traveler on a horse at a normal pace (3 miles per hour) will cover about 24 miles in an 8-hour day. If you make the horse gallop for an hour each day (fast pace for a horse being 8 miles per hour), that range increases to 29 miles. That's within the realm of what you would expect in real life, with a fast horse on good roads in fair weather.
Variant: Encumbrance
If you're using the encumbrance rule, a Riding Horse needs to be carrying less than 80 lbs of rider and equipment to get its full speed of 60. Loaded with between 80 and 160 lbs it has a speed of 50, and carrying between 160 and 480 lbs (its maximum carrying capacity) it has a speed of 30. A 200 lb adventurer in chainmail with a dungeoneering pack, longsword, and shield weighs in at about 325 lbs, so under this rule a horse's travel pace is usually the same as an unencumbered adventurer on foot.
A medium character can probably ride a mule awkwardly, but only a small or tiny character can effectively use a mule as a mount in combat.
The Beast of Burden ability explicitly states exactly what game mechanic it affects - how much weight the mule can carry. It doesn't have any effects beyond that. The mule is strong enough to carry most medium-sized creatures, and that's probably good enough for transportation purposes, but it's just too small for them to be able to effectively ride it as a mount in combat.
Your confusion will hopefully be resolved by looking back at the Ability Scores section of the basic rules, which is where the rules for determining carrying capacity are described:
Carrying Capacity. Your carrying capacity is your Strength score multiplied by 15. This is the weight (in pounds) that you can carry, which is high enough that most characters don't usually have to worry about it.
...
Size and Strength. Larger creatures can bear more weight, whereas Tiny creatures can carry less. For each size category above Medium, double the creature's carrying capacity and the amount it can push, drag, or lift. For a Tiny creature, halve these weights.
The mule, as medium creature with a strength of 14, would normally have a carrying capacity of 210lbs - but because its special ability means it is treated as large for the purpose of determining carrying capacity, that value is doubled to 420lbs (the value given for the mule in the mounts table).
Not all mules are equal and not all mules are Mules
It may be worth keeping in mind that horses/donkeys/mules are creatures with considerable variation of size between individuals/breed - wikipedia suggests that weight can range between a mere 50lbs to over 1000lbs. One creature stat block will never accurately describe all of them (you may note there are several different varieties of horse to choose from in the creature lists, including the much smaller pony). Whilst we can easily imagine a mule big enough to serve as a combat mount for a human, and such mules undoubtedly exist in the real world - that's not the mule as described by the Mule creature stat block, which presumes a relatively small equine. A larger mule should probably be represented using the statistics for an equivalent horse - the fact that it is actually a mule is not important for the mechanics of the game.
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Best Answer
A mount must be at least one size larger than the rider. So a medium rider requires a large mount. In addition, a flying mount can only fly with a rider that's within the mounts light load. (DMG 204)
For general purpose riding, training is generally not required. No Ride checks are required either, though if the animal is actively unwilling to bear a rider than your DM can require a Handle Animal check (a wild Dire Bear is probably not just going to let you hop on!).
For combat riding, things change and a Ride check is required if untrained:
Thus, combat riding training is required both to avoid the check, and to avoid using a move action to make the check.