After reading this question, it seems that there's very little to go on from D&D 5e regarding what a goliath typically looks like. We have an image, but that's just an example of one individual goliath.
Since there's so little to go on in 5e, do older editions of D&D go into more detail about what the typical goliath looks like (in relation to skin, hair, eyes, etc)?
I'm led to believe they are related to stone giants (although I plan on asking about this in another question, so answers to this question should just be limited to physical descriptions), and therefore they do not have any hair at all, like stone giants. Is this true?
Best Answer
Goliaths debuted in the 3.5e supplement Races of Stone (2004), which does indeed go into more detail about them, since it has a 32-page chapter devoted to them.
(Races of Stone pg. 54)
The Races of Stone art gallery has many images of goliaths:
“Lithoderms and Mottled Skin” by Jeremy Jarvis, which accompanies the above description on page 54 of Races of Stone
“Goliath Clothing and Grooming” by William O’Connor
“Goat-Ball” by Thomas M. Baxa
“Goliath War Party” by Thomas M. Baxa
“Teaching a Child to Weave” by Ron Spencer
“Exile” by Joel Thomas
“Mualio Lonehunter” by Jeremy Jarvis, a major goliath folk hero
“Cragtop Archer” by Franz Vohwinkel
“Dawncaller” by Jeremy Jarvis
“Goliath Liberator” by William O’Connor
“Highland Stalker” by Jeremy Jarvis
“Stonespeaker Guardian” by Ron Spencer
“Fling Ally” by Joel Thomas
“Peregrine Runner—Part One” by Jeremy Jarvis (Part Two is just the other rock that the peregrine runner is leaping to)
Many of the chapter headings also include goliaths, but since they are line drawings intended to cover the top half of a page, but quite small in the gallery, and don’t focus particularly on goliaths, I haven’t linked them specifically. Races of Stone’s cover also depicts a goliath.
The lithoderms were a big part of goliaths’ original description and illustrations; every edition since has left them out of both descriptions and illustrations. Make of that what you will—I suspect this was done purely to make goliaths look more appealing to (presumed-human) players, since the lithoderms might look ugly or even diseased to a human. Personally, that seems kind of disappointing, as they were kind of unique, had neat tie-ins with their culture, and made goliaths something more than just “big people”—and despite the fact that I, too, find them a bit off-putting.
Also, note that the goliath weight range, which has gone unchanged from 3.5e to 5e, seems dubious given goliath illustrations. For what it’s worth, though, 3.5e illustrations do seem to fairly often depict NBA-like physiques, rather than Hafþór Björnsson-esque physiques (though most of them are definitely more heavily muscled than Yao Ming), making the weights maybe somewhat closer to accurate. Even in 3.5e they should probably be quite a bit higher than they are.