The answer is yes, Animate object would work on a corpse. The exact effect would depend on the size of the corpse.
While there are specific defined terms in D&D 5e there are also a equal number of that rely on what the word means in English.
Object - a material thing that can be seen and touched.
Creature - an animal or person.
However there is a caveat. In various effects, powers, and abilities. The D&D 5e rules are consistent in referring to creatures as things that are living or animate. Objects as inanimate things like tables, chairs, rocks, books, feathers, etc. It not spelled out but it is consistent.
The things to remember is that D&D 5e rules are not to function as a wargame. They do not define the boundaries of what is possible during a campaign. The setting is what defines that. Instead they are a tool to aid the referee in adjudicating the action. For example the description of humans don't spell out every detail that could come up. The mechanics about humans are those that the authors feel that are useful or come up often. The important of which is the effect being human on character creation. The author expect referee to use what they know about humans to adjudicate anything that the rules don't cover because it is implied that humans in a D&D setting are just like people in real life only living in that world.
One implication of this is that animate objects doesn't change any other physical property of the object other than to animate with the stats provided. If you were to say animate a block of salt, possible considering what salt miners carved out of their mines, and it was to walk into water, then it is reasonable to rule that it would be affected adversely as salt dissolves in water. Perhaps by treating water as a acid attack on the animated object.
So a corpse animated as a object would still be a corpse and subject to decay, smelling bad, etc. It would not gain the benefits of being undead although at first glance it would be hard pressed for a character to tell the difference. One area where I can see the difference being important is trying to animate a skeleton. It is reasonable to assume that the various create undead spells joins the bones together to form a complete animated skeleton. While a long dead skeleton is merely a pile of separate objects of bone.
For stuff that has no real world analogue, elves, magic, etc. The authors expect the referee to fall back on their knowledge of the fantasy genre. Because the implied assumption that D&D is being used to depict a fantasy setting. Which is why they included a list of inspirational works in Appendix E on page 312.
In fantasy it is tradition for some spells to work on anything, a lightning bolt doesn't care if its target is a person, animal, or a piece of furniture. Some spells to only work on people, for example charming or enchanting a princess. And other spells to work only on objects, like the animated furniture from Fantasia.
The area of effect of dispel magic is already describe in the quote you used there: “one creature, object, or magical effect…”.
The point of confusion appears to be the idea that an AoE magical effect “must” need an AoE dispel magic to be properly targetted. But that's not the case: AoE magical effects are still singular magical effects and can be dispelled by a single-target dispel magic.
(Dispel magic would only need an “area” target description if dispel magic could affect multiple creatures, objects, and magical effects in a single casting, but it can't, so it doesn't.)
So if darkness was cast on a spot, it is an independent magical effect which you can target and dispel magic will affect the darkness spell itself. If darkness was cast on a creature, then you could target your dispel magic on the creature or the visible magical effect, but in practice you would always target the magical effect due to the difficulty of even knowing whether there’s a creature there to validly target.
Best Answer
Dispel Magic would work on One Construct At a Time
Dispel Magic's text has makes a crucial distinction:
The later description of higher level spells is subject to the same restriction: specifically, it ends spells on a target, but may not end the entire spell.
Jeremy Crawford has issued some guidance on this matter:
And has further clarified elsewhere:
As such, a casting of Dispel Magic on a construct of Animate Objects would cause that object to become inanimate, but would not end the spell's effects on other targets.