The Business Manager backend of the instances have color-coded headers:
- Sandbox = grey
- Development = green
- Staging = blue
- Production = red

Additionally on the top left you can see the instance name written (above your site dropdown)
Finally, you can usually tell by the hostname of the instance. Production, Staging, and Development all have the instance type in their URLs eg:
production-realmname-customername.demandware.net
staging-realmname-customername.demandware.net
development-realmname-customername.demandware.net
Typically sandboxes will have dev
in their name, eg:
dev01-realmname-customername.demandware.net
There are also new DX sandboxes which use a different convention where realmid
is a 4-character code that identifies your realm followed by a numeric identifier for the sandbox:
realmid-001.sandbox.us01.dx.commercecloud.salesforce.com
Staging, Development, and Production belong to the PIG (Primary Instance Group)
Sandboxes are part of the SIG (Secondary Instance Group)
The various instance types are described here: https://documentation.b2c.commercecloud.salesforce.com/DOC1/topic/com.demandware.dochelp/GettingStarted/Demandwareinstances.html
UX Studio should be connected to your sandbox environment for development.
Best Answer
See the documentation topic: Working with Pipelines
A pipeline is a logical controller that is stored as XML and is displayed as a flow chart via an Eclipse plugin called UX Studio. Pipelines have Start nodes and End nodes. Sometimes pipelines end with an Interaction node which indicates a template should be rendered to the client.
Pipelets are the components that are used to build a Pipeline. You can drag & drop Pipelets around in the interface and connect them with transitions. There are system Pipelets and you can define custom pipelets as Javascript files which have a function of this signature:
Note that this is "the old way" and any new code should be written with Javascript controllers preferably in the style of StoreFront Reference Architecture (SFRA).