[SalesForce] How to Activate or deactivate workflow, Trigger, Validation rule and flow through apex class

You wouldn't be able to use trigger for this either. Just like workflows, triggers only fire when a record is inserted, edited, or deleted. If you have a job that you want to run on a scheduled basis that goes through records and updates them, then you should use scheduled apex.

One Checkbox Custom Setting field should be sufficient to toggle between active and inactive states for the trigger.

First thing in your trigger, check the hierarchy custom setting value and return if it is deactivated. Hierarchy custom settings are ideal here as you can turn them on/off for the whole org, a profile, or an individual user. This can be really useful when bulk loading data.

trigger ShippingAddress on Shipping_Address__c (after delete, ...) {

     if(!SomeCustomSetting__c.getInstance().ActivateTheTrigger__c) {
         System.debug('Bypassing trigger due to custom setting');
         return;
     }

     // Rest of the trigger body ...

}