[SalesForce] How to know/find the Id or name of an already open primary tab in the console

Here is a small experiment as a proof of concept to emit events from lightning component and handle in VF

<aura:component>
 <div> Hello World !!!! </div>
  <aura:registerEvent name="myevent" type="c:myEvent" />
  <ui:button label="fireEvent" press="{!c.fireevent}" />
</aura:component>

The JS controller file

({
 fireevent: function(component, event, helper) {
    var myEvent = $A.get("e.c:myEvent");
    myEvent.setParams({"data":"Test"});
    myEvent.fire();
  }
})

The Event file

<aura:event type="APPLICATION">
 <aura:attribute type="string" name="data" />
</aura:event>

The application file

<aura:application access="GLOBAL" extends="ltng:outApp">
  <aura:dependency resource="c:myComponent" />
</aura:application>

The visualforce where event is handled

<apex:page showHeader="false" sidebar="false">
<apex:includeLightning />
<div id="lightning"> Hello world VF ..!!! </div>
<script>

    $Lightning.use("c:myEventApp", function() {
        $Lightning.createComponent("c:myComponent", {}, "lightning", function(){
            $A.eventService.addHandler({ "event": "c:myEvent", "handler" : visualForceFunction});

        });
    }); 

</script>

<script>

var visualForceFunction = function(event){
        var myEventData = event.getParam("data");
        console.log(myEventData);
    };

</script>

DISCLAMIER : I have not tried inside service console but this should help you get started .For ISV apps since this is not documented anywhere ,consult SFDC security review team or salesforce lightning component product team to see if this is right way of doing this .

All console methods are asynchronous, so they have only been enqueued when the for loop completes. If you want it to execute after all of the calls have completed, you should put the logic in a callback. You will also need to implement some sort of counter to check how many tasks have completed.

let completedCount = 0;
let totalCount = 10;
for (let i = 0; i < totalCount; i++) {
    sforce.console.doSomeStuff(parameter, function () {
        completedCount += 1;
        if (completedCount === totalCount) {
            // now you are "done with the for loop"
        }
    });
}

You may alternatively wish to play around with window.setTimeout.

Side note on your JS, please use const instead of var, except in cases where you assign a value more than once. In the latter case, use let. Never use undeclared variables (something you do in your for loop).