[SalesForce] How to redirect SFDC URL clicked outside SFDC to open as a primary tab in Salesforce Console if user has an active session in Salesforce Console

Here's a VF page I created that opens subtabs immediately. Then I added the VF page to the Console as one of the side bars (so it can execute). I hope the example helps!

<apex:page standardController="Account"  extensions="ConsoleCntrlr_AcctOpenSubtabs" showHeader="false" sidebar="false">
    <apex:includeScript value="/soap/ajax/27.0/connection.js"/>
    <apex:includeScript value="/support/console/27.0/integration.js"/>
    <script type="text/javascript">  
        function openNewSubtab() {
            sforce.connection.sessionId = '{!$Api.Session_ID}';
            if (sforce.console.isInConsole()) { 
                sforce.console.getEnclosingPrimaryTabId(openSubtabs);
            }
        }

        var openSubtabs = function openSubtabs(result) {
            sforce.console.openSubtab(result.id,'/'+'{!PrContact1.Id}',false,'PR Contact 1',null);
            sforce.console.openSubtab(result.id,'/'+'{!LastPR.id}',false,'Last Ran PR',null);
            sforce.console.openSubtab(result.id,'/'+'{!UpcomingPR.id}',false,'Upcoming PR',null);
        };  

        var previousOnload = window.onload;
            window.onload = function() {
            if(previousOnload) {
                previousOnload();
            }
            openNewSubtab();
        }
    </script>
</apex:page>

My Controller:

public with sharing class ConsoleCntrlr_AcctOpenSubtabs {

    public Contact PrContact1 {get;set;}
    public Payrolls__c LastPR {get;set;}
    public Payrolls__c UpcomingPR {get;set;}
    Account Acct;

    public ConsoleCntrlr_AcctOpenSubtabs(ApexPages.standardController con){
        this.Acct=(Account)con.getRecord();
        Account tempAcct = [SELECT id, Payroll_Contact_1__c, Payroll_Contact_2__c
                            FROM Account
                            WHERE id=:Acct.id];
        this.PrContact1 = [SELECT id,name FROM Contact WHERE id=:tempAcct.Payroll_Contact_1__c];

        this.LastPR = [SELECT id 
                       FROM Payrolls__c 
                       WHERE Account__c=:Acct.id
                       AND Processing_Complete__c=true
                       ORDER BY PR_date__c DESC
                       LIMIT 1];

        this.UpcomingPR = [SELECT id 
                           FROM Payrolls__c 
                           WHERE Account__c=:Acct.id
                           AND Processing_Complete__c=FALSE
                           ORDER BY PR_date__c ASC
                           LIMIT 1];
    }//END ConsoleCntrlr_AcctOpenSubtabs



    //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  TEST  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    private static testMethod void testController(){
        List<Account> Accts = new list<Account>{new Account(Name='Test Acct')};
        INSERT Accts;

        list<Payrolls__c> Prs = new list<Payrolls__c>();
        Payrolls__c PR1 = new Payrolls__c(Name='PR1',Account__c=Accts[0].id,PR_Date__c=date.newInstance(2012,3,1),Processing_Complete__c=false);
        Prs.add(PR1);
        Payrolls__c PR2 = new Payrolls__c(Name='PR2',Account__c=Accts[0].id,PR_Date__c=date.newInstance(2012,4,1),Processing_Complete__c=false);
        Prs.add(PR2);
        Payrolls__c PR3 = new Payrolls__c(Name='PR3',Account__c=Accts[0].id,PR_Date__c=date.newInstance(2012,1,1),Processing_Complete__c=true);
        Prs.add(PR3);
        Payrolls__c PR4 = new Payrolls__c(Name='PR4',Account__c=Accts[0].id,PR_Date__c=date.newInstance(2012,2,1),Processing_Complete__c=true);
        Prs.add(PR4);
        INSERT Prs;

        test.startTest();

        test.setCurrentPageReference(page.ServCon_AcctOpenMultTabs);
        ConsoleCntrlr_AcctOpenSubtabs controller = new ConsoleCntrlr_AcctOpenSubtabs(new ApexPages.standardController(Accts[0]));
        system.assertEquals(controller.LastPR.id,PR4.id);
        system.assertEquals(controller.UpcomingPR.id,PR1.id);
        system.assert(!string.ISBLANK(string.valueof(controller.PrContact1.id)));

        test.stopTest();
    }//END testController

}//END Class

The first parameter into openSubtab requires a single primary tab ID. The value result.ids which is returned in the callback from getPrimaryTabIds is an array of IDs. So your call to openSubtab fails because it's getting invalid input.

If you want a single ID of the primary tab your component is loaded in, you can use the method getEnclosingPrimaryTabId.

Sample code can be found here https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api_console.meta/api_console/sforce_api_console_opensubtab.htm