[SalesForce] I can’t access the visualforce page in public through site

You can not have access to Account from a public site when you use standard controller, only if the guest user has created the account which is not the case for you. That's Salesforce standard security. You will have probably to create a custom controller set as 'public without sharing' or 'global'.

Well I am posting this answer so that if someone novice like me is stuck ,it might help :

I posted two issues:
Issue 1: my static resources are not loaded. ( logo image is missing) --> was solved by the comment from @Eric I simply needed to make the static resaurces public.

Issue 2: "Authorization error" It turns out that guest user ( a user without login ) for sites can not edit "Standard Objects" although they can edit Custom objects . Since i was using standardController I was getting the authorization error. ref : https://developer.salesforce.com/page/Authenticating_Users_on_Force.com_Sites (The last 2 paragraphs before the "custom portal topic") .

The work around has been explained very nicely in this reply here by @Peter Knolle :

Workarounds for Sites page to update standard object?