The 2014 NEC uses "physical damage" at various points to refer to well, hard knocks, if you know what I mean. However, certain passages in the NEC, such as 358.12 point 1 on EMT:
Where, during installation or afterward, it will be subject to severe physical
damage.
380.12 point 3 on multioutlet assemblies:
Where subject to severe physical damage
and 388.12 point 2 on surface nonmetallic raceways:
Where subject to severe physical damage
Why is it that the NEC changes the terminology for these and a few other wiring methods, and what is the difference between plain ol' physical damage and severe physical damage, or is that left to the AHJ to decide?
P.S. if it helps — I'm trying to decide whether surface nonmetallic raceway would be suitable for a branch-circuit extension in a residential attached garage, or if I need to use something sturdier, such as schedule 80 PVC, as I'd much rather not rip into the garage walls.
Best Answer
It's up to the AHJ to make the call. The term is used to express that some methods and materials offer better protection against physical damage, and that those methods and materials should be preferred when there's potential for greater than normal physical damage.
I'd suspect you wouldn't encounter severe physical damage in residential settings often, though it may be more common in industrial settings where there is equipment and machinery moving hither and thither.
After further research, it appears the term was approved at some unknown time. It was possibly written in as part of the original proposal for an article, and then propagated as similar articles were proposed.
There have been proposals to apply the term to other areas of the code. Though as far as I can tell, all such proposals have been rejected. The outcome of one such proposal can be found in this document, where the submitter proposes a revision to 330.12(1) to include the term.
A comment from one of the folks who voted to reject the proposal, basically points out that the term only currently applies to raceways and wireways not cables.
Everybody involved agrees that the term is undefined, subjective, and the final determination as to if it's "severe" physical damage is left up to the AHJ.