Learn English – Verb + to or -ing

gerundsinfinitives

My question is about these verbs:

like
love
start
prefer
hate
begin
continue

When they are followed by another verb we can use to or the gerund (-ing):

I prefer to travel by car. – or – I prefer travelling by car.
Anna loves to dance. – or – Anna loves dancing
Do you like to get up early? – or – Do you like getting up early?

My grammar book says that we can use either to or -ing whithout changing the meaning.

(It also says that there are the exceptions of would like, would love, would hate or would prefer: they must be followed by to. e.g. Julia would like to meet you.)

1) Is there any subtle difference between the usage of to or -ing after these verbs?
2) Do you thing that using -ing is safer? (as written in this wonderful answer to somebody else's question)

Best Answer

Sometimes the gerund and infinitive forms are interchangeable; sometimes they are not. Your examples above ("travelling", "dancing", "getting") are all examples of interchangeable usage. Here are examples where interchanging alters the meaning of the sentence:

"Travelling" vs "to travel":

  • He remembered travelling to Canada. (He has traveled to Canada, and now remembers that.)
  • He remembered to travel to Canada. (He was supposed to go to Canada, and then he did.)

"Dancing" vs "to dance":

  • She stopped dancing. (She never danced again.)
  • She stopped to dance. (She interrupted an activity to begin dancing.)

How do you know when the gerund and infinitive are interchangeable? Generally, gerunds are best for talking about completed actions, and infinitives are best for talking about incomplete or future actions.

Gerund: I was getting up earlier last week. (The getting up already heppened.)

Infinitive: I want to get up earlier. (The getting up hasn't happened yet.)

Still, knowing which form to use requires some memorization and intuition. Here is a list of common verbs from http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/gerunds-and-infinitives/:

Followed by a gerund:

admit, advise, avoid, be, used to, can’t help, can’t stand, consider, deny, discuss, dislike, end up, enjoy, feel like, finish, forget, get used to, give up, go on, have difficulty, have problems, have trouble, imagine, it’s no use, it’s worthwhile, keep, look forward to, mention, mind, miss, recommend, remember, quit, spend time, stop, suggest, understand, waste time, work at

Followed by either a gerund or an infinitive without causing a change in meaning:

begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, start

Followed by a gerund or infinitive but with a change in meaning:

forget, remember, stop

Followed by an infinitive:

afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, care, decide, demand, expect, fail, forget, hope, learn, manage, mean, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem, stop, volunteer, wait, want, wish

Followed by a noun or pronoun and then by an infinitive:

advise, allow, ask, cause, challenge, command, convince, expect, forbid, force, hire, instruct, invite, order, pay, permit, program, remind, teach, tell, urge, want, warn

Related Topic