I would like to know about how the name of this group was formed. According to Etymonline the terms Ku Kux have a Greek origin, but it does not give more information:
- 1867, American English, originally Kuklux Klan , a made-up name, supposedly from Greek kuklos, kyklos "circle".
Can anyone provide more information about the origin of the terms "Ku Klux" and how they came to be associated with the well-know Klan?
Best Answer
Early news reports about the organization
In support of the "by 1867" origin of the secret society, here are two mentions of "Kuklux Klan" from the Pulaski [Tennessee] Citizen, published in that year. First from the Pulaski [Tennessee] Citizen (March 29, 1867):
And then from "Kuklux Klan," in the Pulaski [Tennessee] Citizen (April 5, 1867):
Subsequent articles about the Klan—often introducing further messages from the organization—appeared regularly at the Pulaski Citizen for many weeks thereafter, published on April 12, April 19 (featuring a visitation from a personage who "appeared to be about nine feet high, with a most hideous face, and wrapped in an elegant robe of black silk" and carried "a magic wand" in "gloves the color of blood"), April 26, May 3, May 17 (a brief notice complaining that the editor had not heard from or been visited by a Klan representative in two weeks), June 7 (account of a midnight procession), June 14 (first quasi-political statement from the Klan, hinging on a joke about political versus gastrointestinal irregularity), and so forth.
The June 21, 1867, installment juxtaposes a fairly innocuous note that "Alla Hassan, having been found guilty of a gross violation of the rules of the 'Klan' and the orders of the Grand Cyclops, and appearing in his august presence in a somewhat intoxicated condition, is forever expelled from the "Klan," and deprived of all its benefits and privileges," with a longer story headed "A Diabolical Lie" reporting that unnamed complainants were reporting to "the Bureau authorities" (presumably the local branch of the federal Freedmen's Bureau) on various outrages against freedmen in Giles county, including a lynching and various assaults committed by "a [white] mob" and by a "[white] party of roughs." The newspaper asserts that the complaints—variously "diabolical lies" and "atrocious lies"—were politically motivated and utterly false. So the Pulaski Citizen's editorial outlook is clearly strongly anti-Reconstruction (as was the Klan's, when it emerged as a powerful political force in the U.S. South).
The earliest news report from a paper other than the Pulaski Citizen to mention the Kuklux Klan is in a letter to the editor of the Nashville [Tennessee] Union and Dispatch (September 4, 1867) from an anonymous writer in Pulaski:
Pulaski is about 74 miles south of Nashville, near the border with Alabama. Presumably, the author of the above letter addressed it to the Union and Dispatch because he considered that newspaper sympathetic to the former Confederacy and, therefore, likely to publish his message.
The source of the name
The newspaper shows no interest in the meaning or etymology of the name kuklux klan, and very little journalistic curiosity as to the group's motives or intentions. In fact, the ornate, rather overblown letters from the Grand Cyclops quoted in the newspaper read very much like the work of a typical mid-nineteenth-century newspaper editor.
It is not impossible that the name has some dread and occult significance, but I incline to the theory that kuklux is nothing more than an alliterative nonsense word preceding the operative word klan. However, I would be remiss not to note that the Greek word Κυκλωφ (Kuklops) might be pronounced by a Southerner speaking Greek as a third, fourth, or fifth language as something similar to "Kuklox"; the only thing giving a hint of plausibility to this idea is the fact that in Pulaski, Tennessee, the personage comparable to the later Grand Dragon or Grand Wizard of the organization was initially called the Grand Cyclops, implying perhaps the organization's all-seeing eye. Wikipedia has a lengthy article about the Klan's titles and vocabulary.
Still, anyone attempting to interpret the meaning of Kuklux should bear in mind the strain of exotic Orientalism characteristic of the early Klan's early presentation of itself (black silk or crimson robes, titles such as Grand Turk, and individual names such as "Alla Hassan"), which might invite further objectively silly foreign-sounding word inventions of the Gilbert and Sullivan school.