Broke is an old form, and nowadays informal, use of broken. If we look in the OED we can see that one of the meanings of break is:
11a. To ruin financially, make bankrupt (a person or bank).
[First recorded in the 17th century.]
11b. To become bankrupt, to ‘fail’ (commercially).
[First recorded in Shakespeare (Merchant of Venice Act III, sc.1).]
he cannot choose but break.
The definition of broken with the meaning of having no money in the OED is:
Reduced or shattered in worldly estate, financially ruined; having
failed in business, bankrupt.
[First occurrence of broken in this sense is recorded in 1593.]
(Shakes. Rich. II, ii. i. 257 The Kings growne bankrupt like a broken
man.)
The first occurrence of broke is recorded in 1665:
(Pepys Diary 6 July (1895) V. 6 It seems some of his creditors have
taken notice of it, and he was like to be broke yesterday in his
absence.)
Webster's claims that canoodle comes from the German knudeln:
Ger knudeln, to cuddle < or akin to LowG knuddel, a knot, clump, dim. of dial. knude; akin to OHG knodo, OE cnotta, knot
Wiktionary claims “origin unknown”, but it offers two possible origins:
Origin Unknown; compare Swedish knulla (“to fornicate”), German knuddeln (“to cuddle”)
Its earliest use is from a British source in 1859, claiming that the word is American, per the Etymonline link provided by OP.
Most other dictionaries claim “unknown origin” as well, many of them agreeing with Etymonline regarding when it was first used, and where.
Considering the large number of resources checked (all 21 links provided by Onelook), we could assume that the origin is, in fact, unknown, as only 2 out of 21 provided alternatives.
However, the possibility of the word having German origin is relatively high—we know that many Germans lived in the United States, since six million Germans immigrated to the United States between 1820 and WWII. On the other hand, this is mere speculation. It is likely safest to say that the origin is, in fact, unknown.
Best Answer
Stalker
Thus deerstalker (also deer-stalker) is an endocentric compound, the word deer describes what type of stalker (i.e. hunter) the person is. The name for ‘Sherlock Holmes hat’, a deerstalker, came later.
The earliest instance of the term deer stalker (without the hyphen) is found in 1818, The New Monthly Magazine, Volume 10.
This finding seems to precede OED's first recorded usage of 1830.
In the 19th century, the pastime of hunting deer was considered a thrilling and noble pursuit, a definition of deer-stalking (British English) is provided by The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1860, under the chapter ‘SHOOTING’.
Unfortunately (for this user), there are no references concerning deer stalking clothes. But I did find one reference for deer-stalking hat, dated 1860, from a novel called "Plain Or Ringlets?" by Robert Smith Surtees
In an illustration on page 282, the hat worn by the gentleman carrying a rifle matches the description on page 316. There are no earflaps but it looks very similar to the tweed double-peak hat with which we're familiar.
The following source seems to confirm that the headwear called deerstalker was created around 1860, and it was therefore already well-known by 1870.
As we might imagine, hunting clothes should be hardwearing, inconspicuous, and keep the huntsman warm and dry in all weather; but not at the expense of style and elegance, as shown in the following extracts, dated pre 1870:
Napoleons were a 19th century boot reaching above the knee in front and with a piece cut out behind, they were originally worn by cavalrymen.
Another instance of deer-stalker hat, 1868, showing that this item of clothing was once considered fashionable and quite dapper.
The first “deer-stalker's hats” looked quite different
In the following extract, from 1864, the deerstalker hats as worn by the Germans, were ‘embellished’ with a wing
German Life and Manners as seen in Saxony at the Present Day (1864)
I found a second source; Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, Volume 4, 1831-1832, which confirms that the practice of placing a wing on the side of a deerstalker's hat was also performed in Scotland, thirty years earlier, with an eagle's wing no less.
(I'm going to presume that wing represented, or was idiomatic for feather.)
A later source, firmly establishes that it was customary for country hats to be decorated with a feather. The extract is from an article in the magazine called The Scottish Deer Forests, 1848.
The widewake hat (or wide-awake) was a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat made of soft felt, often worn by farmers. It was usually brown or black, but sometimes green.