I extracted the following from the online Webster Dictionary. It's interesting to see how all these words were transformed from Latin/Greek/Old High German/Middle English to the current English words.
Note: I know that this does not exactly answer your question, since you actually want to know if the words derived from words with other meanings. But I think that having the full list of originating languages here may be useful as other answers to your question may refer to it.
DAUGHTER
Middle English, doughter, from Old English dohtor; akin to Old High German tohter daughter, Greek thygatēr
First Known Use: before 12th century
SON
Middle English sone, from Old English sunu; akin to Old High German sun son, Greek hyios
First Known Use: before 12th century
AUNT
Middle English, from Old French ante, from Latin amita; akin to Old High German amma mother, nurse, Greek amma nurse
First Known Use: 14th century
UNCLE
Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin avunculus mother's brother; akin to Old English ēam uncle, Welsh ewythr, Latin avus grandfather
First Known Use: 14th century
MOTHER
Middle English moder, from Old English mōdor; akin to Old High German muoter mother, Latin mater, Greek mētēr, Sanskrit mātṛ
First Known Use: before 12th century
FATHER
Middle English fader, from Old English fæder; akin to Old High German fater father, Latin pater, Greek patēr
First Known Use: before 12th century
COUSIN
Middle English cosin, from Anglo-French cusin, cosin, from Latin consobrinus, from com- + sobrinus second cousin, from soror sister — more at sister
First Known Use: 13th century
NEPHEW
Middle English nevew, from Anglo-French nevou, neveu, from Latin nepot-, nepos grandson, nephew; akin to Old English nefa grandson, nephew, Sanskrit napāt grandson
First Known Use: 14th century
NIECE
Middle English nece granddaughter, niece, from Anglo-French nece, niece, from Late Latin neptia, from Latin neptis; akin to Latin nepot-, nepos grandson, nephew
First Known Use: 14th century
Reference:
http://www.merriam-webster.com
▶ Homework
According to the OED, the original meaning of "homework" does conflate much more obviously with "housework," with the former being defined, above all, as:
Work done at home, esp. as distinguished from work done in a shop or factory.
The earliest citation is a hearty piece of precious advice from a sermon from the 1680s:
Wherefore let every Man, in the first place, look after his Homework; what he hath to do at Home.
Less vague examples of homework were given in later quotes: Spinning, quilting, and embroidery. This crafty and practical usage seems, however, to be an obsolescent meaning of homework, with the last use from the '30s. But the word "home worker" (doing low-paying piecework) lives on, preserving this original meaning of "homework":
Most home workers are women. They need the flexibility of working hours that home work allows. (Guardian, 1973)
The second—and now primary—meaning of "review/preparatory school work despised by youth" didn't appear until much later (late 19th century), but it's thriving and strong, having quickly overtaken the original meaning.
▶ Housework
The first citation of "house-work" from the OED (which hyphenates it) is from mid-19th century. Its meaning has always been as it is now: "the work done to keep a house orderly (and housewares clean)," diligently by housewives and begrudgingly by house-servants:
While the boys are engaged in out-door work, the girls could be employed in sewing or house-work. (Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1871)
Here it contrasts homework (sewing) with housework [other activities].
As FumbleFingers's Ngram shows, it has also been used in texts in its unhyphenated form, which the OED has chosen not to include, as Alenanno first noted above in the comments, although it does feature a sub-entry for the spaced "house work" (definition-less, with a single late-19th-century quote).
So the two words would seem to have diverged after the first (homework) took on a specialized meaning relatively late in its life. Now let's find the courage to get back to doing either/both!
Best Answer
In many if not most mythologies, the earth (from which life springs forth) is feminine.
In world parent myths, there was chaos, where male and female are bound together, until separation, the sky is usually male, the earth is usually female.
In Emergence myths, a person springs forth from the womb of mother earth.
Mother Earth mythologies, are very common throughout the world. Pre-Babylonian civilizations recognized Tiamat, mother earth. Turtle Island of the Hopi indians is a female. In Mesopotamia, Ninsun is female; the Aegean had Gaia, and perhaps most importantly for Western Civilization, the Romans had Terra Mater (Mother Earth). Norse poetry refers to the earth as Odin's wife.
Some civilizations have a paternal earth myth, but they are not common.
Cronus, or Kronos was a Titan who overthrew his father by castrating him with a scythe. Chronos is the personification of Time in pre-Socratic philosophy and later literature. Chronos was serpentine, with three heads.