According to wiktionary:
From Middle English moder, from Old English mōdor, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr (cf. East Frisian muur, Dutch moeder, German Mutter), from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (cf. Irish máthair, Tocharian A mācar, B mācer, Lithuanian mótė).
That's abosultely right. Proto-Indo-European is the hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of most European and Indian languages.
That's why in many languages of the same origin the word "Mother" is used with trivial variations. I'm don't have a listing of the words you're looking for.
Note that some words might have been used in other languages because of reasons other than language origins. For example many Arabic words are used by Muslims in middle east in countries like Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, etc. Or some other words like okay are gaining popularity in different languages and get used by many people. But as RegDwight mentions for the word okay this is a case of borrowing a word.
The word Mama or Papa are one of the easiest words that can be produced or repeated or by babies. Maybe that's one of other reasons which has made the words being used in most of the languages around the world.
To get more information about Proto-Indo-European language visit here.
To get more information about the list of Proto-Indo-European languages visit here.
In many if not most mythologies, the earth (from which life springs forth) is feminine.
In world parent myths, there was chaos, where male and female are bound together, until separation, the sky is usually male, the earth is usually female.
In Emergence myths, a person springs forth from the womb of mother earth.
Mother Earth mythologies, are very common throughout the world. Pre-Babylonian civilizations recognized Tiamat, mother earth. Turtle Island of the Hopi indians is a female. In Mesopotamia, Ninsun is female; the Aegean had Gaia, and perhaps most importantly for Western Civilization, the Romans had Terra Mater (Mother Earth). Norse poetry refers to the earth as Odin's wife.
Some civilizations have a paternal earth myth, but they are not common.
Cronus, or Kronos was a Titan who overthrew his father by castrating him with a scythe. Chronos is the personification of Time in pre-Socratic philosophy and later literature. Chronos was serpentine, with three heads.
Chronos was confused with, or perhaps consciously identified with, due to the similarity in name, the Titan Cronus already in antiquity, the identification becoming more widespread during the Renaissance, giving rise to the allegory of Father Time wielding the harvesting scythe. - Wikipedia
Best Answer
The term dad has origins in children's speech:
Daddy is the diminutive of this:
The OED quoted here adds more, saying:
So dad or daddy stems from baby talk. This makes sense—f is a difficult sound for babies to say, but "harder" sounds like d are easier. Note, however, that just because many cultures share the same-sounding word (dada, tad, tata), this does not mean that one can make a clear distinction of origin. Though tata means dad, it does not provide substantial evidence that dad is from tata. As the OED points out, the form occurred independently in many languages.