Your first question is: What is the problem with adverbs? There are in fact three main problems.
The first problem is that they are often unnecessary. This is what Zinsser in On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction (p68) writes:
Most adverbs are unnecessary. You will clutter your sentence and annoy
your reader if you choose a verb that has a specific meaning and then
add an adverb that carries the same meaning. Don't tell us that the
radio blared loudly; "blare" connotes loudness. Don't write that
someone clenched his teeth tightly; there's no other way to clench
teeth. Again and again in careless writing, strong verbs are weakened
by redundant adverbs.
The second problem is that they can make you appear vacillating. This is what Pinker in The Sense of Style (p43) says about "compulsive hedging":
Many writers cushion their prose with wads of fluff that imply that
they are not willing to take a stand behind what they are saying,
including almost, apparently, comparatively, fairly, in part, nearly,
partially, predominantly, presumably, rather, relatively, seemingly,
so to speak, somewhat, sort of, to a certain degree, to some extent,
and the ubiquitous I would argue.
(Pinker could have added arguably to this list of weasel words.)
The third problem is that intensifying adverbs such as very or incredibly can in fact dilute the strength of the verb or adjective they modify. Here is Pinker again (p45):
Paradoxically, intensifiers like very, highly, and extremely also work
like hedges. They not only fuzz up a writer's prose but can undermine
his intent. If I'm wondering who pilfered the petty cash, it's more
reassuring to hear Not Jones; he's an honest man than Not Jones; he's
a very honest man. The reason is that unmodified adjectives and nouns
tend to be interpreted categorically: "honest" means "completely
honest", or at least "completely honest in the way that matters here""
(just as Jack drank the bottle of beer implies that he chugged down
all of it, not just a sip or two). As soon as you add an intensifier,
you're turning an all-or-none dichotomy into a graduated scale.
Your second question is: What would be an example of a verb "with force"?
You could write: Jones produced arguments and evidence to prove that Smith's claim was false. Or you could use the strong verb refute: Jones refuted Smith's claim. The verb refute implies 'producing arguments and evidence to prove that a claim is false'.
Your third request is for an example where an adverb can be replaced with a verb "with force."
Instead of "She quickly looked over the document for errors", you could write: "She skimmed the document for errors", since skimming implies quick reading.
I believe for simple reviews of this sort, it might be best to consider a block grid, where left to right is less clear to more clear, and bottom to top is less correct to more correct. Then you could even average the scores or create a coordinate plot depending on the goal. If the goal is to address clarity of speech, that should receive the emphasis; if the goal is to address correctness of grammar, that should receive the emphasis; etc.
Then you also don't need to worry about the adverbs/words to use.
Something like this:
Best Answer
You need a concessive/contrastive (word or phrase); these normally come before the adjective at the end of the type of sentence you specify (ie 'It is A but C B' rather than 'It is A but B C'):
Calling this function multiple times is unnecessary but/though admittedly harmless.
Calling this function multiple times is unnecessary – but/though then again, harmless.
Calling this function multiple times is unnecessary, but/though on the other hand harmless.
Calling this function multiple times is unnecessary but/though nevertheless harmless.
A less 'abrupt' contrastive/concessive is 'at the same time', suggested by fev:
'After all' is in an informal register (and does often come last in the clause):
and 'albeit' (without the 'but/though') is very formal: