In the case of, for example, someone else's life, you can either interfere in or with. The former is critical of the fact that you meddled at all. The latter is critical of the results of your meddling.
OP's definition of interfere in is correct - it means to get involved (usually, in matters that others think don't concern you).
To interfere with means to disrupt. Wave patterns, for example, can interfere with each other. This means they are mutually disruptive. Whilst it's true that interfering in someone else's affairs may be disruptive, it needn't be. But if you interfere with their affairs, you're definitely having a bad influence.
There's also the idiomatic usage of a paedophile interfering with a victim, which normally refers specifically to touching a child's genitals. I think in this case the thing being disrupted is the child's (future) sexual identity, but most of us would prefer not to dwell on the exact meaning there.
You want to use a thesaurus, and you've made an erroneous assumption in the body of your question:
For example "very small" → "negligible". Of course the correct substitution depends on the context.
My point is, where can I find a list of appropriate words?
Searching for "synonimous [sic] small" for example does not work, because I want the "very" to be emphasized.
Actually, looking at a thesaurus will work, because many synonyms listed for "bland" words will often emphasize the "very" part.
For example Collins has a thesaurus; looking under small shows quite a few words that connote "very small," including the one you list:
little, minute, tiny, slight, mini, miniature, minuscule, diminutive, petite, teeny, puny
unimportant, minor, trivial, insignificant, little, lesser, petty, trifling, negligible
The same goes for the synonyms of big; many of these mean "very big" – either in size, or in importance:
large, great, huge, giant, massive, vast, enormous, considerable, substantial, extensive, immense, spacious, gigantic, monumental, mammoth, bulky, burly, colossal
important, serious, significant, grave, urgent, paramount
and most of the synonyms for cold seem to mean "very cold":
chilly, biting, freezing, bitter, raw, harsh, bleak, arctic, icy, frosty, wintry, frigid
So, open up that thesaurus! I'm sure you'll find that very big book to be very helpful enormous tome to be beneficial.
Best Answer
The usual go-to word for all manual creations which are usually created by an artisan or craftsman is simply craft.
Thus you crafted a bowl.