I asked this question two days ago: Why is the word “Holy” used before swear words?
I got many answers, but now I have a new doubt after reading all the answers and comments.
For Example, one answer is:
As expressions lose their shock value, they need to be intensified to maintain their value as curses. Thus, an expression that combines a blasphemy with excrement or sexual acts is particularly shocking, so the adjective "Holy" is added to intensify the "wrongness" of the curse.
Another answer is
This use of "Holy" with swear words is a case of euphemism. It was once considered more offensive to say "Holy Christ" when there was no actual intention to call on the name of Christ. Hence, lesser forms were used, such as "Holy hell/crap/shit."
My question is how was a phrase like Holy shit or Holy crap formed? Was it by replacing the word God, Christ, or similar "holy" words in religious expressions such as Holy Christ to reduce the taboo? Or by adding the word Holy before words like shit, crap etc. to intensify the wrongness?
Best Answer
Entries in Early References
J.S. Farmer & W.E. Henley, Slang and Its Analogues (1890–1902) reports a number of oaths associated (facetiously) with Moses. First it offers this entry:
Then it offers these two entries in the H section—the only two that are exclamations:
and
Under MOSES, we get these additions:
Unfortunately there is no entry for OATHS in Farmer & Henley. But the book does provide some relevant early quotations:
I should perhaps provide some context for the Strang quote from 1855. Strang is describing the "martial spirit" prevailing in Glasgow following the peace of Amiens of 1803 and the obesity of some members of the city's volunteer Armed Association:
The phrase "holy Moses" was not originally a facetious or euphemistic expression, however, but a standard epithet for Moses, as is clear from this quotation under the Farmer & Henley entry for "TO STAND MOSES":
Entries in Later References
Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, Fifth Edition (1961) supplements the list of "holy" epithets in Farmer & Henley with several others from the nineteenth century, including these:
J. E. Lighter, The Random House Dictionary of American Slang (1994) makes a fairly strong case for the notion that the "holy " part of "holy Moses" was less crucial to the exclamation (or mild oath) than the pairing of some vivid adjective or phrase with Moses. Lighter presents citations for the following variants (with dates):
The use of holy as an adjective attached to a nonreligious noun may have gained considerable steam in the 1940s, thanks to Captain Marvel. Here is Lighter's entry for moley:
It's really not much of a leap from Captain Marvel saying "Holy Moley! He got away!" in 1949 to Robin saying, "Holy Guacamole, Batman!" on the 1966–1968 TV series Batman.
Robert Chapman & Barbara Kipfer, Dictionary of American Slang, Third Edition (1995) provides a useful summary of first occurrence dates for various forms of "holy NOUN" exclamations:
Conclusions
Chapman & Kipfer takes the view that all "holy NOUN" exclamations began as euphemisms for "holy Christ." It appears from the extreme difference in arrival dates of, for example, "holy show," "holy kicker," "holy smoke," "holy lance," and "holy cats" (some as early as the 1850s, and all by 1910) and "holy shit" (by 1940s) that the palliative euphemisms came much earlier than the exacerbating ones—although the more offensive a term is deemed to be, the longer it may exist underground before appearing in mainstream publications.
This progression seems reasonable to me—and if it is accurate, it points to the conclusion that, in all exclamations of the "holy FILTHY EXPLETIVE" type, the "holy" came before the "FILTHY EXPLETIVE" as part of a word-pair interjection. Of course, filthy expletives have been around for a long time themselves, as solo performers; so, from another point of view, trying to figure out which came first—"holy" + later expletive, or expletive + later "holy"—may not make much sense.
Further Reading
In searching for early instances of the term "holy shit" in Google Books, I came across a scholarly volume that the OP and other interested parties may find worth reading: Melissa Mohr, Holy Shit: A Brief History of Swearing (Oxford University Press, 2013). The online excerpt from the book consists of Mohr's introduction and the book's opening chapter (on swearing/obscene oaths in Rome), which will give you a sense of Mohr's approach; Colin Burrow posts an interesting review of the whole book in the London Review of Books under the heading "Frog's Knickers," in which he also recommends a book by Geoffrey Hughes titled Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English (1991).