Does the following expression originate from English?
I'd like to be a fly on the wall
I discovered today that a similar expression exists in Brazilian Portuguese: "I'd like to be a fly" (with an equivalent meaning). A quick online search indicates that the origin is American English, 1920s. Could it be that the Brazilian phrase is a translation from American English or is there some earlier origin from Latin, Greek, mythology, etc?
Best Answer
For hundreds of years, in English and no doubt in other languages, flies have been cited metaphorically in connection with the idea of enjoying unseen intimacy or intelligence. Thus for example, in Romeo and Juliet (by 1595) we have this (in an 1821 edition):
Romeo's speech is invoked (and rewritten) by Litchfield Moseley, "A Successful Elopement," in Once a Week (September 3. 1870) as part of a lover's letter to his beloved:
Also (and more specifically relevant to the modern sense of "a fly on the wall"), in Susanna Centlivre, Marplot in Lisbon (1711), reprinted in The Works of the Celebrated Mrs. Centlivre, volume 2 (1761):
And from James Parry, The True Anti-Pamela: or, Memoirs of Mr. James Parry (1741):
Also relevant is this translation (by 1898) of Balzac's Letters of Two Brides (1840):
I haven't been able to determine when this novel was first translated into English, but clearly Balzac has in mind a fly-on-the-wall (or mouse-in-the-corner or sparrow-at-the-window) scenario of exactly the kind that our modern idiom describes.
The earliest match in a Google Books search for the exact words "a fly on the wall" in the intended idiomatic sense is from Julia Cecilia Stretton, Woman's Devotion (1855), a three-volume novel published in London:
The next match in Google Books is from 1880, followed by three matches from about the turn of the 20th century. From Adeline Dutton Train Whitney (an American author), Odd or Even? (1880), which uses the phrase four times in the course of about ten pages:
From Lucy Hill, Marion's Year in a German School (1899):
I couldn't find much information online about Lucy Ann Hill, other than the fact that she also wrote a fictionalized travel book in 1879 called Rhine Roamings, but both her books appear in the "Cairns Collection of American Women Writers." The novel is about an English girl who has spent much of her childhood in the United States and is now attending school for a year somewhere in Germany.
From Bithia Mary Croker ("a prolific Anglo-Indian author," according to Wikipedia), The Happy Valley (1904):
From Bettina von Hutton (another American novelist), The Halo (1907):
So we have five instances of "a fly on the wall" used in the modern idiomatic sense in the space of 52 years, all in novels by female writers—the first English, the next American, the third probably American but with a special interest in Germany, the fourth Anglo-Indian (but living in England when she wrote her book), and the fifth American. This is not an especially random-looking group of sources.
Thereafter, Google Books finds matches from 1915, 1916, and 1930, and then seven unique instances during the period from 1945 through1947.
Whether Julia Stretton is directly responsible for popularizing the notion of being "a fly on the wall" in order to gather information or witness a private scene is difficult to determine; but it seems fair to say that the six English and American women cited above whose relevant novels appeared between 1855 and 1907 almost certainly deserve credit for popularizing (in English) that wording for a very old idea.