The expression the big picture, meaning "the entire perspective on a situation or issue", is very common today. Where does this phrase come from? Was there a literal big picture that it once referred to?
The Merriam-Webster site claims that the first known use is from 1904, but doesn't give any more details.
Best Answer
A Google Books search finds one instance of "the big picture" from 1904, in M. G. Cunniff, "The Agricultural Conquest of the Earth," in The World Work: The St. Louis Exposition (August 1904):
However, numerous earlier instances of the phrase occur in literal reference to a large painting or other picture under discussion. In addition, a semi-metaphorical instance of the phrase appears in "A Romance of the Sea-side" in Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature (July, 19, 1862):
A different issue of the same periodical, published in the same year, has this interesting commentary on "what is familiarly termed the 'big picture.'" From "Home from the Colonies," in Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature (October 18, 1862):
Evidently "the big picture," as the author of this article uses it, refers to a series of drawings ("social sketches") done principally (or exclusively) by John Leech and published in each weekly issue of Punch magazine during the middle decades of the 1800s.
John P. Carroll, "New York the Heart of the World," in Metropolitan Magazine (March 1899) uses the phrase in a thoroughly metaphorical (and modern) way:
My impression from these early occurrences is that the phrase "the big picture" originated as term for a large drawing or painting, and then came to refer most especially to one in which a lot of things were going on, and finally gained the metaphorical meaning of a large-scale or long-term view of an activity or controversy.
Christine Ammer, The Facts on File Dictionary of Cliches, Second Edition (2006) has this comment on "the big picture":
But the Google Books search results I have cited indicate that Ammer's date of origin for the phrase is later than it ought to be.