After doing some round-about searching (i.e., searching the wiki archives starting with "friendship"), I believe I found the word I was looking for: heterosocial, meaning prefering non-sexual relations with the opposite sex. Thus the man in question (whose wiki page I'm likely to never come across again) was exclusively heterosocial, ascribing to him a fondness (of a non-sexual nature) of only female acquaintances and who, with a dearth of a heteronormative love life, could be perceived to be homosexual.
Candidate for baptism or baptismal candidate is probably the closest you will come to a universal term for people being baptized, but this would be a somewhat formal/technical usage, and has its own problems.
Baptism has different theological significance among the various branches of the faith, and takes place at different stages of initiation into the faithful. Notably, there are traditions which practice infant baptism (e.g. Presbyterians) and those which restrict it to adults (e.g. Anabaptists); and there are some which require baptism by immersion (dunking) (e.g. Mormons), and those which permit baptism by infusion/affusion (pouring) or aspersion (sprinkling) (e.g. Catholics). But even where there is agreement of practice, there is often underlying difference in theology, the details of which are well beyond the scope of this stack; see Christianity.SE.
In most Christian traditions, baptism is primarily a rite for infants or children. The person or people being baptized are readily identified by their minority. No special term is therefore needed— the person to be baptized is simply the infant, the child, the baby, etc.
In Catholicism, a catechumen is an adult who has never been baptized into any Christian faith, who undergoes study and spiritual preparation for initiation into the Church. A candidate, in contrast, is someone who has been baptized but has not come into full communion with the Church through the sacraments of Holy Eucharist and Confirmation. Nevertheless, the 1997 Catechism of the Catholic Church does use the term candidate to refer to all receiving the sacrament, e.g.
Baptism is performed in the most expressive way by triple immersion in the baptismal water. However, from ancient times it has also been able to be conferred by pouring the water three times over the candidate's head.
Candidates may thus be ambiguous.
Another liturgical church, the Church of England, uses candidate as the broad term, but its Liturgy of Baptism— under Presentation of the Candidates— asks
People of God, will you welcome these children/candidates and uphold them in their new life in Christ?
(emphasis in original), indicating that children is accepted in place of candidates when appropriate.
In credobaptist traditions, one is baptized only after making a profession of faith. As such, candidate is not quite accurate, at least in cases where baptism is viewed as symbolic and not sacramental. By a loose analogy, if you retire from work on Wednesday and throw a retirement party on Saturday, you are not a "candidate" for retirement in the intervening days; the party is not what makes you officially retired.
Best Answer
transgender is an umbrella term that refers to anybody who has a gender identity different to their at-birth sex, regardless of whether they have had sex reassignment surgery or not.
transsexual refers to somebody who has had sex reassignment surgery.
Transgender people will typically refer to themselves as the gender they identify with.
For example a person that has male genitalia but identifies as a woman, will introduce themselves as a transgender woman.
For further clarity transsexuals might prefix with a 'male-to-female' or 'mtf'. eg. 'I'm a male-to-female transsexual woman'.
Here's some more information here: http://www.diffen.com/difference/Transgender_vs_Transsexual
To answer your specific questions:
People who have had sex reassignment surgery are transgender. People who have not had sex reassignment surgery are also transgender.
If someone identifies as transgender, they are providing no clue as to whether they have had sex reassignment surgery or not.
You can refer to someone that has had sex reassignment surgery as transsexual.