A basilica was originally, in Hellenistic Greece, a tribunal administering justice on behalf of the king (βασιλέως - basileus). The word and the thing were adopted by the Romans after annexing Macedonia in the 2nd Century BC. The archeological site of Pompeii, for instance, has the remains of a large basilica which served as a tribunal, and a few hundred meters away in the modern city of Pompeii a catholic basilica.
When Constantine officially legalised the Christian faith (Edict of Milan) as one of the Empire’s state religions (4th century A.D.)1, he erected a number of large churches which were then named basilicas. The current Basilica of St Peter’s in Rome replaces a previous building built precisely by Constantine. As a general rule basilicas are the highest ranking churches and are declared so by the Pope. Some high profile basilicas are built on top of the burials of notable saints (St Peter's, St Francesco of Assisi, St Vasily in Moscow, St Paul Outside the Walls...)
Cathedrals, on the other hand, were typically built during the Middle Ages. They are headed by a bishop. However, if this bishop is head of his diocese, then his cathedral outranks any basilica in his diocese.
Neither cathedrals nor basilicas are restricted to the Catholic faith: see St. Basil's in Moscow, of the Russian Orthodox Church (remarkably sometimes translated as basilica; sometimes to cathedral).
1 He also decided we would rest on Sundays ;-)
I agree, they sound similar and synonymous, but they have a definite difference.
Like Lefteris Gkinis said, orthography comes from the Greek and means "Correct way of writing".
It includes also punctuation and spelling. So, rather than a mere activity, it's the part of the Grammar that studies, and is related to, the correct way of writing, whether it is about single words, punctuation, etc.
The spelling, like the NOAD says, is "the process or activity of writing or naming the letters of a word." So it's something more specific, since it's only related to how the single words are "made".
Best Answer
Teach is including a more general concept.
According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
Teacher:
Professor:
To see academic degrees visit here.
Also you may find it interesting to know:
teacher someone who teaches as their job, especially in a school : a high school teacher
principal ( also headteacher British English ) the teacher who is in charge of a school or college : The teacher sent him to the principal’s office.
tutor someone who gives private lessons to one student or a small group of students. In Britain, a tutor is also a teacher in a university : They hired a tutor to help him with his English. | Your tutor will help you find a subject for your essay. lecturer someone who teaches in a university or college : University lecturers aren’t very well paid.
professor a teacher in a college or university. In Britain, a professor is a high-ranking university teacher, especially one who is head of a department : She was professor of linguistics at Cambridge University.
instructor someone who teaches a sport or a practical skill such as swimming or driving : He works as a ski instructor in the winter. | a driving instructor
coach someone who helps a person or team improve in a sport : a professional tennis coach
educator especially American English formal someone whose job involves teaching people, or someone who is an expert on education : Most educators agree that class sizes are still too big.
trainer someone who teaches people particular skills, especially the skills they need to do a job : a teacher trainer | Many companies pay outside trainers to teach management skills to their staff.
governess a woman who lived with a family and taught their children in past times : As a governess, Charlotte Brontë received twenty pounds a year.