A recent tweet by the U.S. president includes this assurance:
I don't have a Racist bone in my body!
A blog post by David Graham, "The One Color the White House Sees Clearly" at The Atlantic Online offers this commentary on the history of the expression "doesn't have a racist bone in [one's] body":
As Christopher Petrella and Justin Gomer wrote in an April Washington Post essay on the history of “racist bones,” the phrase gained currency during the Ronald Reagan administration. When confronted about the racial impacts of its policies, the White House would simply insist it didn’t see color; the policies were intended to affect everyone the same.
Reagan's presidency began in January 1981, but the earliest match for not having "a racist bone in [one's] body" that an Elephind newspaper database search finds is from eight years before that, from Fr. Lawrence E. Lucas, "Giving Thanks," in the Pittsburgh Catholic (December 1, 1972):
It’s thanking the Lord for those good concerned whites who do not have a racist bone in their bodies, who live next door to a black family (the only one in the neighborhood) and who have a close colored friend: the same ones standing in line ready to do violence to prevent a housing project that might attract blacks or blocking the way of young black children in "their school."
The usage here is sarcastic and suggests that the author has heard the expression more than once from or on behalf of people whose claimed lack of racist bones he strongly doubts.
I suspect that not having "a racist bone in [one's] body" is an offshoot of the older expression about not having "a mean bone in [one's] body." The earliest Elephind match for that expression is from Donald Cameron, "Meanness," in the [Hay, New South Wales] Riverine Grazier (April 5, 1884):
The youth whom I will call Brown was known in the town as a firt-rate fellow, free and generous, sociable and ready to share whatever he had with his friends and acquaintances. People would say, "What a fine, free young chap Brown is; not a mean bone in his body. What a contrast to Smith."
Interestingly, "mean" in this instance has the sense "stingy" or "miserly," not "cruel" or "hurtful."
My questions are as follows:
When, where, and in what context did "racist bone in [one's] body" first appear in print?
When, where, and in what context did "mean bone in [one's] body" first appear in print?
Are these two expressions related to an even earlier "[adjective] bone" that was used in a similar way, or is "mean bone" the first of its kind?
Update (July 17. 2019)
To this point, site participants have noted the following earliest documented occurrences of longstanding members of the "not a [modifier] bone in [one's] body" family:
"not a lazy bone in his body": 1826
"not a selfish bone": 1836
"not … a mean bone": 1858
"not a jealous bone": 1882
"hasn't an artistic bone" 1923
"ain't a racist bone": 1967
Evidently, the "racist bone" is a latecomer to an old and fairly numerous family.
Best Answer
This post is aimed at answering questions 2 and 3.
So far, I haven't found any single adjective that seems to have been clearly the first to be used in the metaphorical expression "a(n) [adjective] bone".
When I say "goes back to __" in the following sections, it obviously means "goes back to at least __". There might be earlier examples that I haven't found.
None of the examples that I've found are from before the 19th century.
"Mean bone" goes back to 1858
(Lost chapters recovered from the early history of American Methodism, by Joseph Beaumont Wakeley, 1858. p. 239)
"Selfish bone" goes back to 1836
Here is the earliest quote that I've found with "selfish bone":
("The Old Maid's Legacy", by Richard Penn Smith, in Godey's Magazine, Volume 13, July 1836)
There are more examples of "a selfish bone" in books from the 19th century, but it doesn't seem to have been a very frequent expression.
"he hadn't a lazy bone in him" goes back to 1840, and "lazy bone" seems to have been popular between 1860 and 1950
Based on the Google Ngram Viewer, from around 1840-1950, "a lazy bone in" seems to have been more popular than either "a mean bone in" or "a selfish bone in":
The line for "a lazy bone in" shows an isolated blip upward from zero in 1801, but I think that's an error, so I didn't show it.
The earliest use of "a lazy bone in" that I have found so far in Google Books Search is from a book dated to 1840:
Sven Yargs did further research on this quotation to find out that it comes from the book Two Years Before the Mast, by R. H. Dana, Jr, p. 86. The snippet view in Google Books misattributes this quote to Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, and the Holy Land.
This expression is not identical to the term "lazy-bones" as a noun or epithet for a lazy person, but there might be a connection between the two expressions.
Other "adjective bone"s
Here are some other metaphorical expressions of the form "a(n) [adj] bone" that I found:
Other "adjective hair"s
The first citation suggests a connection to, or possible development with, an alternative metaphor involving "an [adjective] hair" rather than "an [adjective] bone". Here are early sources I've found with the "hair" expression:
1852 "not a mean hair about him"
(The Rich Men of Massachusetts, Second Edition, by Abner Forbes, 1852. p. 134)
1858 "not a lazy hair in their heads"
(Emery's Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 2-No. 9., Chicago Ill., Thursday, Aug. 26, 1858, Whole No. 35. Emery & Co.)
1853 "not a lazy hair on his head"
(letter written by Lizzie Freeman March 1853, published in A Memorial of the Futterleigh Mission and her Martyred Missionaries, by J. Johnston Walsh, 1858, p. 180)
An 1819 source with "mean bone" in a possibly unrelated context
I don't know whether there is any relationship, but I found a source from 1819 that uses "a mean bone" as a literal translation of a Chinese term involving the morpheme 骨 (pinyin gu) 'bone':
(A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, by Robert Morrison, p. 486, headword 骨, 6558 "Kŭh or kwŭh, a bone")
According to a comment by Janus Bahs Jacquet, 骨頭 (simplified 骨头) means ‘bone’ and 賤 (simplified 贱) means ‘mean, lowly, base, unworthy, impure’. The Wiktionary entry for 骨頭 says that it can figuratively refer to "character; personal quality". It's possible that the figurative usage of bone evolved separately in Chinese or English; as I said above, I don't know whether there's any connection—I just happened to stumble across this entry while searching Google Books for texts containing the string "a mean bone".