Is it possible to see a list of the settlers in a given settlement and the jobs they are assigned to? It would make it easier to pick a settler for a new job.
Fallout – see an overview of the settlers
fallout-4
Related Solutions
No, existing farmers will automatically assign themselves to any new crops created up to their maximum capacity. This also applies to settlers assigned to defence.
Your settlement was infiltrated by Synths. If you look where the bang happened you'll probably find a dead settler who has synth components on them, or if a settler just started randomly shooting then they're the Synth. I had this happen to me as well, when the Castle was attacked by Super Mutants. Turned out the person who started it all was a Synth.
Edit: Meant to post this as a reply to the other answer, but since it's here I'll say that if you check your settlers after you slaughter them, one of them will have Synth parts. That was the instigator. You can find out if you've been infiltrated by using VATS. Synths have Energy Damage Resistance, although you need a perk to see this. Even though you know it's a Synth, your other settlers don't, so killing the Synth will still make your settlement hostile.
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Best Answer
The Vault-Tec Workshop added a buildable item called the Vault-Tec Population Management System. This let's you management settler assignment to jobs as well as unemployed settlers. It also helps you keep track of companions.
To build it, you will find it in Workshop Mode -> Power -> Miscellaneous
If you do not have the Vault-Tec Workshop DLC but PC mods are an option for you then you can try the Don't Call Me Settler Mod which provides settler management and a few more things like auto-assigning settlers to available jobs, clearing corpses from your settlements, and tracking damaged items in your settlement.